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Kings-at-Arms
Kings-at-Arms

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Kings-at-Arms is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.
Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.
General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.
Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.
Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Kings-at-Arms

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Kings-at-Arms is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.
Line 2
Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.
Line 3
General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.
Line 4
Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.
Line 5
Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.
/ˈrʌʃən ɡoʊld ənd ˈrʌʃən ˈprɑːməsəz suːn ɡeɪnd ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈfækʃən ɪn ˈpoʊlənd ˈpiːtər ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪd hɪmˈself tuː pliːz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

convoked verb US /kɑːnˈvoʊkt/

past form of “convoke” — call together

From this reading “General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.”

Czar's noun US /zɑːrz/

possessive form of “czar” — a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

distracting verb US /dɪˈstræktɪŋ/

-ing form of “distract” — draw someone's attention away from something

From this reading “General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.”

Elector noun US /ɪˈlektər/

a citizen who has a legal right to vote

From this reading “Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.”

entries noun US /ˈentriz/

plural of “entry” — an item inserted in a written record

From this reading “General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.”

Lublin noun US /ˈlʌblɪn/

an industrial city of eastern Poland

From this reading “General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.”

Saxony noun US /ˈsæksəni/

an area in Germany around the upper Elbe river; the original home of the Saxons

From this reading “Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.”

Transylvania noun US /ˌtrænzilˈveɪniə/

a historical plateau region in northwestern Romania that is separated from the rest of the country by the Transylvanian Alps; originally part of Hungary; incorporated into Romania at the end of World War I

From this reading “Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

marched into verb + particle counted as “march into”

In this reading “Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.”

approach of verb + particle

In this reading “Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

60,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

absorbedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɔːrbd/

giving or marked by complete attention to

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

alarmedadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːrmd/

experiencing a sudden sense of danger

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

Altranstadt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

AugustusnounUS /ɑːˈɡʌstəs/

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

AustrianounUS /ˈɔːstriə/

a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

convokedverbUS /kɑːnˈvoʊkt/

past form of “convoke” — call together

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

CzarnounUS /zɑːr/

a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

Czar'snounUS /zɑːrz/

possessive form of “czar” — a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

DietnounUS /ˈdaɪət/

a prescribed selection of foods

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

distractedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstræktəd/

having the attention diverted especially because of anxiety

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

distractingverbUS /dɪˈstræktɪŋ/

-ing form of “distract” — draw someone's attention away from something

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

ElectornounUS /ɪˈlektər/

a citizen who has a legal right to vote

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

entriesnounUS /ˈentriz/

plural of “entry” — an item inserted in a written record

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

exertedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrtɪd/

past form of “exert” — put to use

From this reading Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

factionnounUS /ˈfækʃən/

a clique (often secret) that seeks power usually through intrigue

From this reading Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.

fortifiedadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd/

secured with bastions or fortifications

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

hatefuladjectiveUS /ˈheɪtfəl/

evoking or deserving hatred

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

heednounUS /hiːd/

paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people)

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

Kazimicry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

Lewenhaupt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

LublinnounUS /ˈlʌblɪn/

an industrial city of eastern Poland

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

modelnounUS /ˈmɑːdəl/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

officered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

Patkul

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

pleaseverbUS /pliːz/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.

PolandnounUS /ˈpoʊlənd/

a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

projectverbUS /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

promisesnounUS /ˈprɑːməsəz/

plural of “promise” — a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future

From this reading Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.

protestsnounUS /ˈproʊtests/

plural of “protest” — a formal and solemn declaration of objection

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

Racoczy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

renouncedverbUS /rɪˈnaʊnst/

past form of “renounce” — give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, or duties and obligations

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.

SaxonynounUS /ˈsæksəni/

an area in Germany around the upper Elbe river; the original home of the Saxons

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

secretlyadverbUS /ˈsiːkrɪtli/

in secrecy; not openly

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Russian gold and Russian promises soon gained a powerful faction in Poland; Peter exerted himself to please.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

Stanislaus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

SuccessionnounUS /səkˈseʃən/

a following of one thing after another in time

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

SwedenounUS /swiːd/

a native or inhabitant of Sweden

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

SwedennounUS /ˈswiːdən/

a Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

SwedishadjectiveUS /ˈswiːdɪʃ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Sweden or its people or culture or language

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

therebyadverbUS /ˈðerˈbaɪ/

by that means or because of that

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

thriceadverbUS /θraɪs/

three times

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

TransylvanianounUS /ˌtrænzilˈveɪniə/

a historical plateau region in northwestern Romania that is separated from the rest of the country by the Transylvanian Alps; originally part of Hungary; incorporated into Romania at the end of World War I

From this reading Augustus was now as hateful as Stanislaus in the eyes of Peter, and his project was to give all that the Elector had renounced by the peace of Altranstadt to a third king; he had in his mind Racoczy, Prince of Transylvania.

unitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

Varsovia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Europe, absorbed in the war of the Spanish Succession, paid no heed to the Czar’s bitter protests against Saxony and Sweden, and Patkul was sent to Kazimicry.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Peter, with an army of 60,000 trained men, officered by Germans, obtained secretly from the Emperor of Austria, who was alarmed by the near approach of the terrible Swede, marched into Poland.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading General Lewenhaupt was not able to guard the entries into this country which was neither fortified nor united, and the Czar took Lublin which had been left without a Swedish garrison, and there convoked a Diet on the model of that of Varsovia, thereby further distracting an already thrice distracted country.

Chapter 21 of Kings-at-Arms by Marjorie Bowen holds 137 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Kings-at-Arms contain?

Chapter 21 holds 137 sentences of Kings-at-Arms, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Kings-at-Arms by Marjorie Bowen exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 137 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Kings-at-Arms?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Kings-at-Arms

Common questions about reading Kings-at-Arms by Marjorie Bowen on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Kings-at-Arms?

Yes. All 4057 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55272 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Kings-at-Arms is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55272, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Kings-at-Arms take to read?

About 338 minutes of reading across 812 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Kings-at-Arms section by section

How to work through Kings-at-Arms section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of Kings-at-Arms to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Kings-at-Arms

Words and structures a reader meets early in Kings-at-Arms, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Haughty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Kings-at-Arms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fierce
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Kings-at-Arms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Natural
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Kings-at-Arms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Character
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Kings-at-Arms; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.