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Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete
Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.
Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.
William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.
This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.
These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.
Line 2
Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.
Line 3
William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.
Line 4
This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.
Line 5
These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Amsterdam noun US /ˈæmstərdæm/

an industrial center and the nominal capital of the Netherlands; center of the diamond-cutting industry; seat of an important stock exchange; known for its canals and art museum

From this reading “Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.”

clams noun US /klæmz/

informal terms for money

From this reading “This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.”

classed verb US /klæst/

past form of “class” — arrange or order by classes or categories

From this reading “Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.”

currency noun US /ˈkɜːrənsi/

the metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used

From this reading “These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.”

suppression noun US /səˈpreʃən/

the failure to develop some part or organ

From this reading “Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.”

Testy adjective US /ˈtesti/

easily irritated or annoyed

From this reading “Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.”

vie verb US /vaɪ/

compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading “William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.”

wampum noun US /ˈwɑːmpəm/

informal terms for money

From this reading “This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

AmsterdamnounUS /ˈæmstərdæm/

an industrial center and the nominal capital of the Netherlands; center of the diamond-cutting industry; seat of an important stock exchange; known for its canals and art museum

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

beadsnounUS /biːdz/

several beads threaded together on a string

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

clamsnounUS /klæmz/

informal terms for money

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

classedverbUS /klæst/

past form of “class” — arrange or order by classes or categories

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

contentnounUS /ˈkɑːntent/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

currencynounUS /ˈkɜːrənsi/

the metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

Dutchmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

emulousadjective

characterized by or arising from emulation or imitation

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

equivalentnounUS /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/

a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

exchangenounUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

floodnounUS /flʌd/

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

governornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

JerusalemnounUS /dʒərˈuːsələm/

capital and largest city of the modern state of Israel (although its status as capital is disputed)

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

Kieft

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

metalsnounUS /ˈmetəlz/

plural of “metal” — any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

NextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

peltries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

periwinkles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

pretendverbUS /priˈtend/

make believe with the intent to deceive

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

projectsnounUS /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

savagesnounUS /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

seawant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

shell-fish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

Solomonproper nounUS /ˈsɒl.ə.mən/

A legendary king renowned for his wisdom and fabulous hidden mines.

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

stringsnounUS /strɪŋz/

the section of an orchestra that plays stringed instruments

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

suppressionnounUS /səˈpreʃən/

the failure to develop some part or organ

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

TestyadjectiveUS /ˈtesti/

easily irritated or annoyed

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

vieverbUS /vaɪ/

compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

wampumnounUS /ˈwɑːmpəm/

informal terms for money

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading These had formed a native currency among the simple savages, who were content to take them of the Dutchmen in exchange for peltries.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next to his projects for the suppression of poverty may be classed those of William the Testy for increasing the wealth of New Amsterdam.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading Solomon of whose character for wisdom the little governor was somewhat emulous, had made gold and silver as plenty as the stones in the streets of Jerusalem.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading William Kieft could not pretend to vie with him as to the precious metals, but he determined, as an equivalent, to flood the streets of New Amsterdam with Indian money.

wroughtadjectiveUS /rɔːt/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading This was nothing more nor less than strings of beads wrought out of clams, periwinkles, and other shell-fish, and called seawant or wampum.

Chapter 30 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete by Washington Irving holds 40 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete contain?

Chapter 30 holds 40 sentences of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 40 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete

Common questions about reading Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete section by section

How to work through Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete

Words and structures a reader meets early in Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.