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Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete
Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete

Chapter XLIII · Chapter 43

Chapter 43 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.
As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.
His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.
The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.
A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete

Chapter XLIII · Chapter 43

Chapter 43 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.
/ðə ɡrænd ˈkaʊnsəl ʌv ðə iːst held ə ˈsɑːləm ˈmiːtɪŋ ɑːn ðə rɪˈtɜːrn ʌv ðer ˈenvɔɪz/
Line 2
As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.
/æz noʊ ˈædvəkət əˈpɪrd ɪn bɪˈhæf ʌv ˈpiːtər ˈstaɪvəsənt ˈevriθɪŋ went əˈɡenst hɪm/
Line 3
His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.
/hɪz ˈhɔːti rəˈfjuːzəl tuː səbˈmɪt tuː ðə ˈkwestʃənɪŋ ʌv ðə kəˈmɪʃənərz wɑːz kənˈstruːd ˈɪntuː ə ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs ʌv ɡɪlt/
Line 4
The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.
Line 5
A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.
/ə peɪl ˈbɪliəs ˈɔːrətər tʊk ðə flɔːr ənd dɪˈkleɪmd fɔːr ˈaʊərz ənd ɪn bəˈlɪdʒərənt tɜːrmz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

belligerent adjective US /bəˈlɪdʒərənt/

characteristic of an enemy or one eager to fight

From this reading “A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.”

bilious adjective US /ˈbɪliəs/

relating to or containing bile

From this reading “A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.”

commissioners noun US /kəˈmɪʃənərz/

plural of “commissioner” — a government administrator

From this reading “His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.”

construed verb US /kənˈstruːd/

past form of “construe” — make sense of; assign a meaning to

From this reading “His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.”

declaimed verb US /dɪˈkleɪmd/

past form of “declaim” — recite in elocution

From this reading “A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.”

envoys noun US /ˈenvɔɪz/

plural of “envoy” — a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador

From this reading “The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.”

orator noun US /ˈɔːrətər/

a person who delivers a speech or oration

From this reading “A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.”

Stuyvesant noun US /ˈstaɪvəsənt/

the last Dutch colonial administrator of New Netherland; in 1664 he was forced to surrender the colony to England (1592-1672)

From this reading “As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

advocateverbUS /ˈædvəkət/

push for something

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.

behalfnounUS /bɪˈhæf/

as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as “on behalf of” rather than “in behalf of”)

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

belligerentadjectiveUS /bəˈlɪdʒərənt/

characteristic of an enemy or one eager to fight

From this reading A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.

biliousadjectiveUS /ˈbɪliəs/

relating to or containing bile

From this reading A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.

commissionersnounUS /kəˈmɪʃənərz/

plural of “commissioner” — a government administrator

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

consciousnessnounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

construedverbUS /kənˈstruːd/

past form of “construe” — make sense of; assign a meaning to

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

contentsnounUS /ˈkɑːntents/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.

councilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

declaimedverbUS /dɪˈkleɪmd/

past form of “declaim” — recite in elocution

From this reading A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

envoysnounUS /ˈenvɔɪz/

plural of “envoy” — a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

guiltnounUS /ɡɪlt/

the state of having committed an offense

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

haughtyadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːti/

having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

oratornounUS /ˈɔːrətər/

a person who delivers a speech or oration

From this reading A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

pouredverbUS /pɔːrd/

past form of “pour” — cause to run

From this reading The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.

questioningadjectiveUS /ˈkwestʃənɪŋ/

perplexed (as if being expected to know something that you do not know)

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

refusalnounUS /rəˈfjuːzəl/

the act of refusing

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

saddle-bags

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.

satchels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.

solemnadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləm/

dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

StuyvesantnounUS /ˈstaɪvəsənt/

the last Dutch colonial administrator of New Netherland; in 1664 he was forced to surrender the colony to England (1592-1672)

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

submitverbUS /səbˈmɪt/

refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The grand council of the east held a solemn meeting on the return of their envoys.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading A pale bilious orator took the floor, and declaimed for hours and in belligerent terms.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His haughty refusal to submit to the questioning of the commissioners was construed into a consciousness of guilt.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading As no advocate appeared in behalf of Peter Stuyvesant, everything went against him.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The contents of the satchels and saddle-bags were poured forth before the council, and appeared a mountain of evidence.

Chapter 43 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete by Washington Irving holds 36 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 43 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete contain?

Chapter 43 holds 36 sentences of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 43 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 36 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 43 of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 43 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 43 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete

Words and structures a reader meets early in Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Knickerbocker's History of New York, Complete, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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