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La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel
La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.
The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.
In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.
Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.
The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.
Line 2
The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.
Line 3
In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.
/ɪn ðɪs ˈɡælə kɑːˈstuːm hiː wɑːz soʊ ɪmˈberəst ðæt hiː kʊd ˈhɑːrdli muːv/
Line 4
Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.
Line 5
The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

gala noun US /ˈɡælə/

a gay festivity

From this reading “In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.”

pantaloons noun US /ˈpæntəluːnz/

plural of “pantaloon” — a buffoon in modern pantomimes; the butt of jokes

From this reading “The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.”

Rosita noun US /roʊˈziːtə/

erect plant with small clusters of pink trumpet-shaped flowers of southwestern United States

From this reading “The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.”

shrunken adjective US /ˈʃrʌŋkən/

lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness

From this reading “The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.”

starched verb US /stɑːrtʃt/

past form of “starch” — stiffen with starch

From this reading “The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.”

Stein noun US /staɪn/

a mug intended for serving beer

From this reading “The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.”

thousandth noun US /ˈθaʊzəndθ/

position 1,000 in a countable series of things

From this reading “The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.”

threadbare adjective US /ˈθredber/

repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse

From this reading “Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

flannel shirt noun + noun

In this reading “The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.”

red flannel noun + noun

In this reading “The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.”

white shirt noun + noun

In this reading “The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.”

blue cloth adjective + noun

In this reading “The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.”

wore a white verb + article + noun counted as “wear … white”

In this reading “The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.”

too large adverb + adjective

excessively large

In this reading “Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.”

half way adjective + noun

In this reading “The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.”

only half adverb + adjective

In this reading “The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

brushingnounUS /ˈbrʌʃɪŋ/

the act of brushing your teeth

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

celebratedadjectiveUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.

clothnounUS /klɔːθ/

artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

costumenounUS /kɑːˈstuːm/

the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

descendverbUS /dɪˈsend/

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

embarrassedadjectiveUS /ɪmˈberəst/

feeling or caused to feel ill at ease or self-conscious or ashamed

From this reading In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.

fishermannounUS /ˈfɪʃərmæn/

someone whose occupation is catching fish

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

flannelnounUS /ˈflænəl/

a soft light woolen fabric; used for clothing

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

galanounUS /ˈɡælə/

a gay festivity

From this reading In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.

Gaviota

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

irreproachablyadverb

in an irreproachable and blameless manner

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.

Modesto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.

nankeennoun

a durable fabric formerly loomed by hand in China from natural cotton having a yellowish color

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

pantaloonsnounUS /ˈpæntəluːnz/

plural of “pantaloon” — a buffoon in modern pantomimes; the butt of jokes

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

presentedverbUS /priˈzentɪd/

past form of “present” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

RositanounUS /roʊˈziːtə/

erect plant with small clusters of pink trumpet-shaped flowers of southwestern United States

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

shirtnounUS /ʃɜːrt/

a garment worn on the upper half of the body

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

shrunkenadjectiveUS /ˈʃrʌŋkən/

lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.

starchedverbUS /stɑːrtʃt/

past form of “starch” — stiffen with starch

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

SteinnounUS /staɪn/

a mug intended for serving beer

From this reading The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this gala costume he was so embarrassed that he could hardly move.

thousandthnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndθ/

position 1,000 in a countable series of things

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

threadbareadjectiveUS /ˈθredber/

repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

uniformadjectiveUS /ˈjuːnəfɔːrm/

always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

vestverbUS /vest/

provide with power and authority

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

Villamar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The marriage of Stein and the Gaviota was celebrated in the church of Villamar.

washedadjectiveUS /wɑːʃt/

clean by virtue of having been washed in water

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The nankeen pantaloons which Rosita had washed for the thousandth time, had shrunken so as to descend only half way down his legs.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

witnessesnounUS /ˈwɪtnəsəz/

plural of “witness” — someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading The fisherman, instead of a red flannel shirt, wore a white shirt, irreproachably starched, and a vest of dark blue cloth.

éclat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Don Modesto, one of the witnesses, presented himself in all the _éclat_ of his old uniform, rendered threadbare by constant brushing, and become too large by reason of his having grown so thin.

Chapter 14 of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel by Fernán Caballero holds 142 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel contain?

Chapter 14 holds 142 sentences of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel by Fernán Caballero exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 142 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel

Common questions about reading La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel by Fernán Caballero on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel?

Yes. All 4097 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #48698 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #48698, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel take to read?

About 341 minutes of reading across 820 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel section by section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Spanish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fernan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caballero
A word that appears in the opening chapter of La Gaviota: A Spanish Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.