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L'Abbe Constantin — Complete
L'Abbe Constantin — Complete

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete is here in full — 297 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.
At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.
Those times are no more.
Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.
Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

L'Abbe Constantin — Complete

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete is here in full — 297 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.
Line 2
At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.
Line 3
Those times are no more.
/ðoʊz taɪmz ɑːr noʊ mɔːr/
Line 4
Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.
/ˈʌðər ˈkʌntriz stɪl hæv ðer frənˈtɪrz ðer ɑːr naʊ nʌn tuː fræns/
Line 5
Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.
/ˈperɪs hæz bɪˈkʌm æn ˌɪˈmens ˈbæbəl ə ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəl ənd ˌɪntərˈnæʃənəl ˈsɪti/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Babel noun US /ˈbæbəl/

(Genesis 11:1-11) a tower built by Noah's descendants (probably in Babylon) who intended it to reach up to heaven; God foiled them by confusing their language so they could no longer understand one another

From this reading “Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.”

epoch noun US /ˈepək/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading “At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.”

frontiers noun US /frənˈtɪrz/

plural of “frontier” — a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading “Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.”

international adjective US /ˌɪntərˈnæʃənəl/

concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations

From this reading “Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.”

Madrid noun US /məˈdrɪd/

the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain; home of an outstanding art museum

From this reading “At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.”

Parisians noun US /pərˈɪsiənz/

plural of “parisian” — a native or resident of Paris

From this reading “Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.”

Petersburg noun US /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading “At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.”

Russians noun US /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading “At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

BabelnounUS /ˈbæbəl/

(Genesis 11:1-11) a tower built by Noah's descendants (probably in Babylon) who intended it to reach up to heaven; God foiled them by confusing their language so they could no longer understand one another

From this reading Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

epochnounUS /ˈepək/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

FormerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

frontiersnounUS /frənˈtɪrz/

plural of “frontier” — a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.

internationaladjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈnæʃənəl/

concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations

From this reading Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

MadridnounUS /məˈdrɪd/

the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain; home of an outstanding art museum

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Those times are no more.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

OtheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

ParisiansnounUS /pərˈɪsiənz/

plural of “parisian” — a native or resident of Paris

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

period-thirty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

PetersburgnounUS /ˈpiːtərzbərɡ/

a town in southeastern Virginia (south of Richmond); scene of heavy fighting during the American Civil War

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/

located far away spatially

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

RussiansnounUS /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Other countries still have their frontiers; there are now none to France.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those times are no more.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Those times are no more.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

universaladjectiveUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəl/

of worldwide scope or applicability

From this reading Paris has become an immense Babel, a universal and international city.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At that epoch the French were the masters of Paris, as the English are the masters of London, the Spaniards of Madrid, and the Russians of St. Petersburg.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Formerly Paris belonged to the Parisians, and that at no very remote period-thirty or forty years ago.

Chapter 5 of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete by Ludovic Halévy holds 297 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete contain?

Chapter 5 holds 297 sentences of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete by Ludovic Halévy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 297 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading L'Abbe Constantin — Complete

Common questions about reading L'Abbe Constantin — Complete by Ludovic Halévy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete?

Yes. All 2683 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3957 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3957, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does L'Abbe Constantin — Complete take to read?

About 223 minutes of reading across 537 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through L'Abbe Constantin — Complete section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in L'Abbe Constantin — Complete

Words and structures a reader meets early in L'Abbe Constantin — Complete, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Still
A word that appears in the opening chapter of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Valiant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Priest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walked
A word that appears in the opening chapter of L'Abbe Constantin — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.