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Labor and Freedom
Labor and Freedom

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Labor and Freedom is here in full — 430 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Labor and Freedom
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:
"Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.
Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."
Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.
Not one showed the white feather in the last hour.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Labor and Freedom

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Labor and Freedom is here in full — 430 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:
Line 2
"Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.
/ɪˈlevən ʌv ˈaʊər ˈlɪtəl bænd ɑːr ˈsliːpɪŋ naʊ ɪn ðer ˈblʌdi ˈɡɑːrmənts wɪð ðə koʊld ɜːrθ əˈbʌv ðem/
Line 3
Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."
Line 4
Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.
/ˈrɪdʒɪdli truː tuː ðer kənˈvɪkʃənz wɜːr ɔːl ðiːz jʌŋ ˈhɪroʊz/
Line 5
Not one showed the white feather in the last hour.
/nɑːt wʌn ʃoʊd ðə waɪt ˈfeðər ɪn ðə læst ˈaʊər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

banded adjective US /ˈbændɪd/

identified with a band especially around a leg

From this reading “Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."”

Braver adjective US /ˈbreɪvər/

comparative of “brave” — possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading “Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."”

convictions noun US /kənˈvɪkʃənz/

plural of “conviction” — an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading “Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.”

feather verb US /ˈfeðər/

join tongue and groove, in carpentry

From this reading “Not one showed the white feather in the last hour.”

heroes noun US /ˈhɪroʊz/

plural of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading “Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.”

Iowa noun US /ˈaɪəwə/

a member of the Siouan people formerly living in Iowa and Minnesota and Missouri

From this reading “In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:”

Rigidly adverb US /ˈrɪdʒɪdli/

in a rigid manner

From this reading “Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.”

truer adjective US /ˈtruːər/

comparative of “true” — consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading “Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

three weeks noun + noun counted as “three week”

In this reading “In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:”

Braver men adjective + noun counted as “brave men”

In this reading “Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."”

young heroes adjective + noun counted as “young hero”

In this reading “Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.”

little band adjective + noun

In this reading “"Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.”

under date preposition + noun

In this reading “In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:”

last hour adjective + noun

In this reading “Not one showed the white feather in the last hour.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

22

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

bandedadjectiveUS /ˈbændɪd/

identified with a band especially around a leg

From this reading Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

bloodyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

BraveradjectiveUS /ˈbreɪvər/

comparative of “brave” — possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

convictionsnounUS /kənˈvɪkʃənz/

plural of “conviction” — an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.

dnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

ElevenadjectiveUS /ɪˈlevən/

being one more than ten

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

executionnounUS /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃən/

putting a condemned person to death

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

featherverbUS /ˈfeðər/

join tongue and groove, in carpentry

From this reading Not one showed the white feather in the last hour.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

garmentsnounUS /ˈɡɑːrmənts/

plural of “garment” — an article of clothing

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

heroesnounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

plural of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Not one showed the white feather in the last hour.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

IowanounUS /ˈaɪəwə/

a member of the Siouan people formerly living in Iowa and Minnesota and Missouri

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Not one showed the white feather in the last hour.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not one showed the white feather in the last hour.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Not one showed the white feather in the last hour.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

plighted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."

RigidlyadverbUS /ˈrɪdʒɪdli/

in a rigid manner

From this reading Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Not one showed the white feather in the last hour.

sleepingnounUS /ˈsliːpɪŋ/

the state of being asleep

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.

trueradjectiveUS /ˈtruːər/

comparative of “true” — consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Not one showed the white feather in the last hour.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "Eleven of our little band are sleeping now in their bloody garments with the cold earth above them.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Braver men never lived; truer men to their plighted word never banded together."

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading In a letter to friends in Iowa, under date of November 22d, three weeks before his execution, he wrote:

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Rigidly true to their convictions were all these young heroes.

Chapter 2 of Labor and Freedom by Eugene V. (Eugene Victor) Debs holds 430 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Labor and Freedom contain?

Chapter 2 holds 430 sentences of Labor and Freedom, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Labor and Freedom by Eugene V. (Eugene Victor) Debs exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 430 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Labor and Freedom?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Labor and Freedom

Common questions about reading Labor and Freedom by Eugene V. (Eugene Victor) Debs on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Labor and Freedom?

Yes. All 1683 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34012 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Labor and Freedom is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34012, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Labor and Freedom take to read?

About 140 minutes of reading across 337 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Labor and Freedom section by section

How to work through Labor and Freedom section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Labor and Freedom to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Labor and Freedom

Words and structures a reader meets early in Labor and Freedom, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Voice
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Labor and Freedom; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eugene
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Labor and Freedom; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
While
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Labor and Freedom; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lower
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Labor and Freedom; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.