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Labor and Freedom
Labor and Freedom

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Labor and Freedom is here in full — 383 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.
They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.
Both of these old capitalist class machines are going to pieces.
Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.
Both are torn by dissension and rife with disintegration.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Labor and Freedom

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Labor and Freedom is here in full — 383 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.
/tuː ðə ˈwɜːrkərz ʌv ðə ˈkʌntri ðiːz tuː ˈpɑːrtiz ɪn neɪm ɑːr wʌn ɪn fækt/
Line 2
They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.
Line 3
Both of these old capitalist class machines are going to pieces.
/boʊθ ʌv ðiːz oʊld ˈkæpətəlɪst klæs məˈʃiːnz ɑːr ˈɡoʊɪŋ tuː ˈpiːsəz/
Line 4
Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.
/ˈhævɪŋ ˌaʊtˈlɪvd ðer taɪm ðeɪ hæv bɪˈkʌm kərˈʌpt ənd wɜːrs ðæn ˈjuːsləs ənd naʊ ˈprezənt ə ˈspektəkəl ʌv pəˈlɪtəkəl dɪˈdʒenərəsi ˈnevər bɪˈfɔːr ˈwɪtnəst ɪn ðɪs ɔːr ˈeni ˈʌðər ˈkʌntri/
Line 5
Both are torn by dissension and rife with disintegration.
/boʊθ ɑːr tɔːrn baɪ dɪˈsenʃən ənd raɪf wɪð dɪˌsɪntəˈɡreɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

capitalism noun US /ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm/

an economic system based on private ownership of capital

From this reading “They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.”

capitalist noun US /ˈkæpətəlɪst/

a conservative advocate of capitalism

From this reading “Both of these old capitalist class machines are going to pieces.”

degeneracy noun US /dɪˈdʒenərəsi/

the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities

From this reading “Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.”

disintegration noun US /dɪˌsɪntəˈɡreɪʃən/

in a decomposed state

From this reading “Both are torn by dissension and rife with disintegration.”

dissension noun US /dɪˈsenʃən/

disagreement among those expected to cooperate

From this reading “Both are torn by dissension and rife with disintegration.”

exploitation noun US /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃən/

the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful

From this reading “They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.”

outlived verb US /ˌaʊtˈlɪvd/

past form of “outlive” — live longer than

From this reading “Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.”

rife adjective US /raɪf/

most frequent or common

From this reading “Both are torn by dissension and rife with disintegration.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in fact preposition + noun

in reality or actuality

In this reading “To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.”

of subsistence preposition + noun

In this reading “They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.”

other country adjective + noun

In this reading “Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.”

two parties noun + noun counted as “two party”

In this reading “To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.”

stands for verb + particle counted as “stand for”

express indirectly by an image, form, or model; be a symbol

In this reading “They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both of these old capitalist class machines are going to pieces.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Both are torn by dissension and rife with disintegration.

capitalismnounUS /ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm/

an economic system based on private ownership of capital

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

capitalistnounUS /ˈkæpətəlɪst/

a conservative advocate of capitalism

From this reading Both of these old capitalist class machines are going to pieces.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Both of these old capitalist class machines are going to pieces.

corruptverbUS /kərˈʌpt/

corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

degeneracynounUS /dɪˈdʒenərəsi/

the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

disintegrationnounUS /dɪˌsɪntəˈɡreɪʃən/

in a decomposed state

From this reading Both are torn by dissension and rife with disintegration.

dissensionnounUS /dɪˈsenʃən/

disagreement among those expected to cooperate

From this reading Both are torn by dissension and rife with disintegration.

exploitationnounUS /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃən/

the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Both of these old capitalist class machines are going to pieces.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading Both of these old capitalist class machines are going to pieces.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Both of these old capitalist class machines are going to pieces.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

outlivedverbUS /ˌaʊtˈlɪvd/

past form of “outlive” — live longer than

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

ownershipnounUS /ˈoʊnərʃɪp/

the relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

partiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading Both of these old capitalist class machines are going to pieces.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

rifeadjectiveUS /raɪf/

most frequent or common

From this reading Both are torn by dissension and rife with disintegration.

spectaclenounUS /ˈspektəkəl/

something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

subsistencenounUS /səbˈsɪstəns/

minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

tornadjectiveUS /tɔːrn/

having edges that are jagged from injury

From this reading Both are torn by dissension and rife with disintegration.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

wage-slavery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They, or rather, it, stands for capitalism, for the private ownership of the means of subsistence, for the exploitation of the workers, and for wage-slavery.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Both are torn by dissension and rife with disintegration.

witnessedverbUS /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

workersnounUS /ˈwɜːrkərz/

plural of “worker” — a person who works at a specific occupation

From this reading To the workers of the country these two parties in name are one in fact.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading Having outlived their time they have become corrupt and worse than useless and now present a spectacle of political degeneracy never before witnessed in this or any other country.

Chapter 4 of Labor and Freedom by Eugene V. (Eugene Victor) Debs holds 383 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Labor and Freedom contain?

Chapter 4 holds 383 sentences of Labor and Freedom, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Labor and Freedom by Eugene V. (Eugene Victor) Debs exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 383 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Labor and Freedom?

Work through the 77 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 77 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Labor and Freedom

Common questions about reading Labor and Freedom by Eugene V. (Eugene Victor) Debs on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Labor and Freedom?

Yes. All 1683 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34012 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Labor and Freedom is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34012, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Labor and Freedom take to read?

About 140 minutes of reading across 337 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Labor and Freedom section by section

How to work through Labor and Freedom section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Labor and Freedom to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Labor and Freedom

Words and structures a reader meets early in Labor and Freedom, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Voice
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Labor and Freedom; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eugene
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Labor and Freedom; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
While
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Labor and Freedom; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lower
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Labor and Freedom; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.