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Lady Lucy's secret
Lady Lucy's secret

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Lady Lucy's secret is here in full — 223 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Lady Lucy's secret
Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.
She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.
In those daysfor this was at the beginning of the eighteenth centurygreat attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.
They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.
No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lady Lucy's secret

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Lady Lucy's secret is here in full — 223 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.
/aɪ ˈwʌndər ˈweðər ɪf juː hæd siːn ˈleɪdi ˈluːsi ˈsɪtɪŋ æt hɜːr wɜːrk ðæt wɔːrm ˈɑːɡəst ˈmɔːrnɪŋ juː wʊd hæv θɔːt hɜːr ə ˈpɜːrsən tuː biː ˈenvid/
Line 2
She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.
Line 3
In those daysfor this was at the beginning of the eighteenth centurygreat attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.
Line 4
They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.
/ðeɪ wɜːr tɔːt tuː sɪt ənd stænd ˈveri əˈpraɪt tuː ˈkæri ðer ɑːrmz ˈkerfəli tuː tɜːrn aʊt ðer toʊz ənd hoʊld ʌp ðer hedz/
Line 5
No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attitudes noun US /ˈætətuːdz/

plural of “attitude” — a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading “In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.”

Bernard noun US /bərˈnɑːrd/

French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)

From this reading “No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.”

bodice noun US /ˈbɑːdɪs/

part of a dress above the waist

From this reading “No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.”

bridled verb US /ˈbraɪdəld/

past form of “bridle” — anger or take offense

From this reading “She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.”

eighteenth adjective US /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading “In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.”

envied verb US /ˈenvid/

inflected form of “envy” — feel envious towards; admire enviously

From this reading “I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.”

poking noun US /ˈpoʊkɪŋ/

a sharp hand gesture (resembling a blow)

From this reading “No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.”

stooping adjective US /ˈstuːpɪŋ/

having the back and shoulders rounded; not erect

From this reading “No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eighteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.”

young ladies adjective + noun counted as “young lady”

a young female

In this reading “In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.”

little girls adjective + noun counted as “little girl”

a youthful female person

In this reading “In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.”

turn out verb + adjective

be shown or be found to be

In this reading “They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.”

at the beginning preposition + article + noun counted as “at … beginning”

In this reading “In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.”

little figure adjective + noun

In this reading “She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.”

judge by verb + particle

In this reading “In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.”

hold up verb + adjective

be the physical support of; carry the weight of

In this reading “They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

attitudesnounUS /ˈætətuːdz/

plural of “attitude” — a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

auntnounUS /ænt/

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

BernardnounUS /bərˈnɑːrd/

French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

bodicenounUS /ˈbɑːdɪs/

part of a dress above the waist

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

bridledverbUS /ˈbraɪdəld/

past form of “bridle” — anger or take offense

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

bunchnounUS /bʌntʃ/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

chinnounUS /tʃɪn/

the protruding part of the lower jaw

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

enviedverbUS /ˈenvid/

inflected form of “envy” — feel envious towards; admire enviously

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

knitting-needles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

long-waisted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

LucynounUS /ˈluːsi/

incomplete skeleton of female found in eastern Ethiopia in 1974

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

permittedverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

phrasenounUS /freɪz/

an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

pokingnounUS /ˈpoʊkɪŋ/

a sharp hand gesture (resembling a blow)

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

snugly-laced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

stoopingadjectiveUS /ˈstuːpɪŋ/

having the back and shoulders rounded; not erect

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

straight-backedadjective

having a straight back

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

stuckadjectiveUS /stʌk/

caught or fixed

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

taughtverbUS /tɔːt/

inflected form of “teach” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

toesnounUS /toʊz/

plural of “toe” — one of the digits of the foot

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

unhappyadjectiveUS /ənˈhæpi/

experiencing or marked by or causing sadness or sorrow or discontent

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

uprightadjectiveUS /əˈpraɪt/

in a vertical position; not sloping

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading She certainly looked very pretty, and not at all unhappy, as she sat in her straight-backed chair, carrying her long-waisted, snugly-laced little figure very upright, her shoulders down, and her chin drawn in,—bridled, as the phrase went.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were taught to sit and stand very upright, to carry their arms carefully, to turn out their toes and hold up their heads.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading No stooping was permitted over books or work; and while Lady Lucy was living with her aunt Bernard, she used to have a bunch of knitting-needles stuck into her bodice, to keep her from "poking" over her work.

WONDERnounUS /ˈwʌndər/

the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I WONDER whether, if you had seen Lady Lucy sitting at her work that warm August morning, you would have thought her a person to be envied.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading In those days—for this was at the beginning of the eighteenth century—great attention was paid to the carriage of young ladies,—more than appears to be thought necessary at the present time, to judge by the attitudes into which I often see little girls throw themselves, even in company.

Chapter 1 of Lady Lucy's secret by Lucy Ellen Guernsey holds 223 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Lady Lucy's secret contain?

Chapter 1 holds 223 sentences of Lady Lucy's secret, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Lady Lucy's secret by Lucy Ellen Guernsey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 223 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Lady Lucy's secret?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lady Lucy's secret

Common questions about reading Lady Lucy's secret by Lucy Ellen Guernsey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lady Lucy's secret?

Yes. All 1365 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #74876 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lady Lucy's secret is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #74876, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lady Lucy's secret take to read?

About 113 minutes of reading across 273 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lady Lucy's secret section by section

How to work through Lady Lucy's secret section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Lady Lucy's secret to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lady Lucy's secret

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lady Lucy's secret, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wonder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lady Lucy's secret; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whether
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lady Lucy's secret; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sitting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lady Lucy's secret; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
August
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lady Lucy's secret; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.