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Laicus
Laicus

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Laicus is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Committee on Supply hold an informal Meeting.
MR.
Work has preached his last sermon.
A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.
I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Laicus

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Laicus is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Committee on Supply hold an informal Meeting.
/ðə kəˈmɪti ɑːn səˈplaɪ hoʊld æn ˌɪnˈfɔːrməl ˈmiːtɪŋ/
Line 2
MR.
/ˈmɪstər/
Line 3
Work has preached his last sermon.
/wɜːrk hæz priːtʃt hɪz læst ˈsɜːrmən/
Line 4
A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.
Line 5
I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

candidate noun US /ˈkændədeɪt/

a politician who is running for public office

From this reading “A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.”

congregational adjective US /ˌkɑːŋɡrəˈɡeɪʃənəl/

relating to or conducted or participated in by a congregation

From this reading “I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.”

Deacon noun US /ˈdiːkən/

a Protestant layman who assists the minister

From this reading “I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.”

informal adjective US /ˌɪnˈfɔːrməl/

not formal

From this reading “The Committee on Supply hold an informal Meeting.”

preached verb US /priːtʃt/

past form of “preach” — deliver a sermon

From this reading “Work has preached his last sermon.”

pulpit noun US /ˈpʊlpɪt/

a platform raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it

From this reading “A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.”

sermon noun US /ˈsɜːrmən/

an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading “Work has preached his last sermon.”

session noun US /ˈseʃən/

a meeting for execution of a group's functions

From this reading “I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Committee on Supply hold an informal Meeting.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

candidatenounUS /ˈkændədeɪt/

a politician who is running for public office

From this reading A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

CommitteenounUS /kəˈmɪti/

a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading The Committee on Supply hold an informal Meeting.

complimentverbUS /ˈkɑːmpləment/

say something to someone that expresses praise

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

congregationaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːŋɡrəˈɡeɪʃənəl/

relating to or conducted or participated in by a congregation

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

DeaconnounUS /ˈdiːkən/

a Protestant layman who assists the minister

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

elementnounUS /ˈeləmənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

Goodsole's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Work has preached his last sermon.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Work has preached his last sermon.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading The Committee on Supply hold an informal Meeting.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

informaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrməl/

not formal

From this reading The Committee on Supply hold an informal Meeting.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Work has preached his last sermon.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

MeetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading The Committee on Supply hold an informal Meeting.

motionnounUS /ˈmoʊʃən/

the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

MRnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading MR.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Committee on Supply hold an informal Meeting.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

pastoratenoun

pastors collectively

From this reading A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.

preachedverbUS /priːtʃt/

past form of “preach” — deliver a sermon

From this reading Work has preached his last sermon.

pulpitnounUS /ˈpʊlpɪt/

a platform raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it

From this reading A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.

sermonnounUS /ˈsɜːrmən/

an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading Work has preached his last sermon.

sessionnounUS /ˈseʃən/

a meeting for execution of a group's functions

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

SupplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The Committee on Supply hold an informal Meeting.

suspectverbUS /səˈspekt/

imagine to be the case or true or probable

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Committee on Supply hold an informal Meeting.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A committee has been appointed to supply the pulpit, and secure a candidate for the pastorate.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

Wheaton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I believe this sort of business is generally left to the session; but on Deacon Goodsole's motion a special committee was appointed partly out of respect to the congregational element which is considerable in this church, and partly, I suspect, as a compliment to Mr. Wheaton.

WorkverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Work has preached his last sermon.

Chapter 12 of Laicus by Lyman Abbott holds 160 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Laicus contain?

Chapter 12 holds 160 sentences of Laicus, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Laicus by Lyman Abbott exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 160 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Laicus?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Laicus

Common questions about reading Laicus by Lyman Abbott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Laicus?

Yes. All 4423 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4954 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Laicus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4954, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Laicus take to read?

About 368 minutes of reading across 885 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Laicus section by section

How to work through Laicus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of Laicus to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Laicus

Words and structures a reader meets early in Laicus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Happened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Laicus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wheathedge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Laicus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sixty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Laicus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Miles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Laicus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.