Chapter I

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As a last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

higher than, or over, something

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

distinctive manner of oral expression

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

in addition

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

plural of “apostrophe” — address to an absent or imaginary person

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Unlike most EETS productions, this book was printed with long “s” (ſ).

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading You may also need to change the default font.

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

loss due to not showing up

From this reading You may also need to change the default font.

a mark added to a letter to indicate a special pronunciation

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

without deviation

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Unlike most EETS productions, this book was printed with long “s” (ſ).

the activity of converting data or information into code

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

record in a public office or in a court of law

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized field of knowledge; usually published as an appendix to a text on that field

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading As a last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

immediately past

From this reading As a last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead.

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading As a last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead.

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

the literary culture

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

a diacritical mark (-) placed above a vowel to indicate a long sound

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

engage in

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

attach a tag or label to

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading You may also need to change the default font.

used to form the superlative

From this reading Unlike most EETS productions, this book was printed with long “s” (ſ).

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

a condition requiring relief

From this reading You may also need to change the default font.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

and nothing more

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading Unlike most EETS productions, this book was printed with long “s” (ſ).

plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something

From this reading Unlike most EETS productions, this book was printed with long “s” (ſ).

in the right manner; correctly; suitably

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

possessive form of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

a hotel located in a resort area

From this reading As a last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

the words of something written

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

in or at that place or location

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

a diacritical mark (~) placed over the letter n in Spanish to indicate a palatal nasal sound or over a vowel in Portuguese to indicate nasalization

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading Unlike most EETS productions, this book was printed with long “s” (ſ).

the act of using

From this reading As a last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading As a last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Unlike most EETS productions, this book was printed with long “s” (ſ).

in the company of; together with

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You may also need to change the default font.

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ſ (long “s”) Ȝȝ (yogh) m̅ (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font support) ǽ (æ with accent, only in the Glossary) There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark).