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Laperouse
Laperouse

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Laperouse is here in full — 86 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE VOYAGE OF EXPLORATION.
King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.
Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.
But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.
It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Laperouse

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Laperouse is here in full — 86 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VOYAGE OF EXPLORATION.
/ðə ˈvɔɪədʒ ʌv ˌeksplərˈeɪʃən/
Line 2
King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.
Line 3
Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.
/hæd ɪt bɪn hɪz ˈhæpiər lɑːt tuː biː ðə sʌn ʌv ə ˈfɑːrmər ə ˈʃɑːpkiːpər ɔːr ə ˈmɜːr.tʃənt hiː wʊd hæv pæst fɔːr æn ˈeksələnt mæn ʌv ˈbɪznəs ənd ə ɡʊd ˈsɑːləd ˈsoʊbər ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt ˈsɪtəzən/
Line 4
But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.
/bʌt hiː ˌɪnˈherətɪd wɪð hɪz kraʊn ə ˈsɪstəm ʌv ˈɡʌvərmənt tuː ˈæntəkweɪtɪd fɔːr ðə taɪmz tuː riˈpresɪv fɔːr ðə ˈpɑːpjələr ˈtempər tuː enˈdjʊr ənd wɑːz nɑːt ˈsteɪtsmən ɪˈnʌf tuː riˈmɑːdəl ɪt tuː suːt ðə rɪˈkwaɪrmənts ʌv hɪz ˈpiːpəl/
Line 5
It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

antiquated adjective US /ˈæntəkweɪtɪd/

so extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier period

From this reading “But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.”

exploration noun US /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃən/

to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading “THE VOYAGE OF EXPLORATION.”

fermenting noun US /fərˈmentɪŋ/

a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol

From this reading “It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.”

remodel verb US /riˈmɑːdəl/

do over, as of (part of) a house

From this reading “But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.”

repressive adjective US /riˈpresɪv/

restrictive of action

From this reading “But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.”

requirements noun US /rɪˈkwaɪrmənts/

plural of “requirement” — required activity

From this reading “But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.”

shopkeeper noun US /ˈʃɑːpkiːpər/

a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading “Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.”

statesman noun US /ˈsteɪtsmən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading “But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

antiquatedadjectiveUS /ˈæntəkweɪtɪd/

so extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier period

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

citizennounUS /ˈsɪtəzən/

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

directedadjectiveUS /dərˈektəd/

(often used in combination) having a specified direction

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

EXPLORATIONnounUS /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃən/

to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading THE VOYAGE OF EXPLORATION.

farmernounUS /ˈfɑːrmər/

a person who operates a farm

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

faultnounUS /fɔːlt/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

fermentingnounUS /fərˈmentɪŋ/

a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

graspverbUS /ɡræsp/

hold firmly

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

happieradjectiveUS /ˈhæpiər/

comparative of “happy” — enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

impellingadjective

markedly effective as if by emotional pressure

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

inheritedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈherətɪd/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

intelligentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt/

having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

keenadjectiveUS /kiːn/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

monarchnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrk/

a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

neededadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE VOYAGE OF EXPLORATION.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

penetratingadjectiveUS /ˈpenətreɪtɪŋ/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

reformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

remodelverbUS /riˈmɑːdəl/

do over, as of (part of) a house

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

repressiveadjectiveUS /riˈpresɪv/

restrictive of action

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

requirementsnounUS /rɪˈkwaɪrmənts/

plural of “requirement” — required activity

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

shopkeepernounUS /ˈʃɑːpkiːpər/

a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

soberadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊbər/

not affected by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

solidadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləd/

characterized by good substantial quality

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

statesmannounUS /ˈsteɪtsmən/

a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

suitverbUS /suːt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

sympathiesnounUS /ˈsɪmpəθiz/

plural of “sympathy” — an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VOYAGE OF EXPLORATION.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

visionnounUS /ˈvɪʒən/

a vivid mental image

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

VOYAGEnounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒ/

an act of traveling by water

From this reading THE VOYAGE OF EXPLORATION.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

wholesomeadjectiveUS /ˈhoʊlsəm/

conducive to or characteristic of physical or moral well-being

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But he inherited with his crown a system of government too antiquated for the times, too repressive for the popular temper to endure, and was not statesman enough to remodel it to suit the requirements of his people.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It was not his fault that he was not a great man; and a great man--a man of large grasp, wide vision, keen sympathies, and penetrating imagination--was needed in France if the social forces at work, the result of new ideas fermenting in the minds of men and impelling them, were to be directed towards wise and wholesome reform.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Had it been his happier lot to be the son of a farmer, a shopkeeper, or a merchant, he would have passed for an excellent man of business and a good, solid, sober, intelligent citizen.

XVInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of fifteen and one

From this reading King Louis XVI of France was as unfortunate a monarch as was ever born to a throne.

Chapter 4 of Laperouse by Ernest, Sir Scott holds 86 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Laperouse contain?

Chapter 4 holds 86 sentences of Laperouse, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Laperouse by Ernest, Sir Scott exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 86 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Laperouse?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Laperouse

Common questions about reading Laperouse by Ernest, Sir Scott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Laperouse?

Yes. All 868 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4222 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Laperouse is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4222, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Laperouse take to read?

About 72 minutes of reading across 174 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Laperouse section by section

How to work through Laperouse section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Laperouse to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Laperouse

Words and structures a reader meets early in Laperouse, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Jean-francois
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Laperouse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Galaup
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Laperouse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Comte
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Laperouse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Laperouse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Laperouse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.