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Lavengro
Lavengro

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Lavengro is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.
It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.
The Castle was, as I suppose it is now, a garrison for soldiers.
Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.
It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lavengro

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Lavengro is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.
Line 2
It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.
Line 3
The Castle was, as I suppose it is now, a garrison for soldiers.
/ðə ˈkæsəl wɑːz æz aɪ səˈpoʊz ɪt ɪz naʊ ə ˈɡærɪsən fɔːr ˈsoʊldʒərz/
Line 4
Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.
/tuː ˈʌðər ˈredʒəmənts wɜːr ɔːlˈredi ðer ðə wʌn æn ˈaɪrɪʃ ɪf aɪ rɪˈmɛm.bər raɪt ðə ˈʌðər ə smɔːl ˈhaɪlənd kɔːr/
Line 5
It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bicker verb US /ˈbɪkər/

argue over petty things

From this reading “The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.”

drums noun US /drʌmz/

plural of “drum” — a musical percussion instrument; usually consists of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched across each end

From this reading “It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.”

Haggis noun US /ˈhæɡəs/

made of sheep's or calf's viscera minced with oatmeal and suet and onions and boiled in the animal's stomach

From this reading “The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.”

Highland noun US /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading “Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.”

Loch noun US /lɑːk/

a long narrow inlet of the sea in Scotland (especially when it is nearly landlocked)

From this reading “The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.”

Ne'er adverb US /ner/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading “The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.”

Pugnacious adjective US /pəɡˈnæʃɪs/

tough and callous by virtue of experience

From this reading “The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.”

regiments noun US /ˈredʒəmənts/

plural of “regiment” — army unit smaller than a division

From this reading “Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

69

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Castle was, as I suppose it is now, a garrison for soldiers.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

baggage-waggons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

beatingnounUS /ˈbiːtɪŋ/

the act of overcoming or outdoing

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

BickerverbUS /ˈbɪkər/

argue over petty things

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

Bui

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

ChampionnounUS /ˈtʃæmpiən/

someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

colouradjectiveUS /ˈkʌlər/

having or capable of producing colors

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

corpsnounUS /kɔːr/

an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

describeverbUS /dɪˈskraɪb/

give a description of

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

DeterminationnounUS /dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

DifferencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

Digri

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

doubtlessadverbUS /ˈdaʊtləs/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

drumsnounUS /drʌmz/

plural of “drum” — a musical percussion instrument; usually consists of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched across each end

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

everybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

Father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

FigurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

fitverbUS /fɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Castle was, as I suppose it is now, a garrison for soldiers.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading The Castle was, as I suppose it is now, a garrison for soldiers.

GesturesnounUS /ˈdʒestʃərz/

plural of “gesture” — motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

HaggisnounUS /ˈhæɡəs/

made of sheep's or calf's viscera minced with oatmeal and suet and onions and boiled in the animal's stomach

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

HeadlongadverbUS /ˈhedlɔːŋ/

with the head foremost

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

HighlandnounUS /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

hinnoun

ancient Hebrew unit of liquid measure = 1.5 gallons

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The Castle was, as I suppose it is now, a garrison for soldiers.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

InquiriesnounUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪəriz/

plural of “inquiry” — a search for knowledge

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

IrishnounUS /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

people of Ireland or of Irish extraction

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Castle was, as I suppose it is now, a garrison for soldiers.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

LanguagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

LochnounUS /lɑːk/

a long narrow inlet of the sea in Scotland (especially when it is nearly landlocked)

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

MannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

Ne'eradverbUS /ner/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

nobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The Castle was, as I suppose it is now, a garrison for soldiers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

PugnaciousadjectiveUS /pəɡˈnæʃɪs/

tough and callous by virtue of experience

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

RacesnounUS /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

regimentsnounUS /ˈredʒəmənts/

plural of “regiment” — army unit smaller than a division

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

ScotchnounUS /skɑːtʃ/

a slight surface cut (especially a notch that is made to keep a tally)

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

Scotchmannoun

a native or inhabitant of Scotland

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading The Castle was, as I suppose it is now, a garrison for soldiers.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading The Castle was, as I suppose it is now, a garrison for soldiers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

TownnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Two other regiments were already there; the one an Irish, if I remember right, the other a small Highland corps.

Wha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

WildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

Wild-Looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was not long before we found ourselves at Edinburgh, {69a} or rather in the Castle, into which the regiment marched with drums beating, colour- flying, and a long train of baggage-waggons behind.

YepronounUS /jiː/

an old word for “you”, speaking to more than one person

From this reading The Castle--A Father's Inquiries--Scotch Language--A Determination--Bui hin Digri--Good Scotchman--Difference of Races--Ne'er a Haggis--Pugnacious People--Wha are Ye, Man?--The Nor Loch--Gestures Wild--The Bicker--New Town Champion--Wild-Looking Figure--Headlong.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It is hardly necessary to say much about this Castle, which everybody has seen; on which account, doubtless, nobody has ever yet thought fit to describe it--at least that I am aware.

Chapter 8 of Lavengro by George Borrow holds 90 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Lavengro contain?

Chapter 8 holds 90 sentences of Lavengro, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Lavengro by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 90 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Lavengro?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lavengro

Common questions about reading Lavengro by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lavengro?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lavengro is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lavengro take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lavengro section by section

How to work through Lavengro section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Lavengro to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lavengro

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lavengro, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.