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Lavengro
Lavengro

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Lavengro is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.
Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.
Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.
The Scotch are expert climbers, and I was now a Scot in most things, particularly in language.
The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lavengro

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Lavengro is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.
Line 2
Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.
Line 3
Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.
/ʌv ðiːz ˌhaʊˈevər æz ɪz wel noʊn ðer ɪz noʊ læk ɪn ˈskɑːtlənd ənd ðə ˈhæbəts ʌv ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz ɑːr ˌɪnˈveriəbli ɪn ˈhɑːrməni wɪð ðə ˈkʌntri ɪn wɪtʃ ðeɪ dwel/
Line 4
The Scotch are expert climbers, and I was now a Scot in most things, particularly in language.
/ðə skɑːtʃ ɑːr ˈekspərt ˈklaɪmərz ənd aɪ wɑːz naʊ ə skɑːt ɪn moʊst θɪŋz ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/
Line 5
The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aspiring adjective US /əˈspaɪrɪŋ/

desiring or striving for recognition or advancement

From this reading “Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.”

climbers noun US /ˈklaɪmərz/

plural of “climber” — a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants

From this reading “Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.”

craggy adjective US /ˈkræɡi/

having hills and crags

From this reading “The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.”

crags noun US /kræɡz/

plural of “crag” — a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading “Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.”

goats noun US /ɡoʊts/

plural of “goat” — any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns

From this reading “The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.”

perseverance noun US /ˌpɝː.səˈvɪr.əns/

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in success. (Sự kiên trì, bền bỉ không bỏ cuộc.)

From this reading “The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.”

Ruling noun US /ˈruːlɪŋ/

the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself)

From this reading “Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.”

Scot noun US /skɑːt/

a native or inhabitant of Scotland

From this reading “The Scotch are expert climbers, and I was now a Scot in most things, particularly in language.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

aspiringadjectiveUS /əˈspaɪrɪŋ/

desiring or striving for recognition or advancement

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

bidverbUS /bɪd/

propose a payment

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

chamoisnoun

a soft suede leather formerly from the skin of the chamois antelope but now from sheepskin

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

ClimbersnounUS /ˈklaɪmərz/

plural of “climber” — a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

craggyadjectiveUS /ˈkræɡi/

having hills and crags

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

CragsnounUS /kræɡz/

plural of “crag” — a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

cragsmannoun

a climber of vertical rock faces

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

DavidnounUS /ˈdeɪvɪd/

patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

defiancenounUS /dɪˈfaɪəns/

intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

dwellverbUS /dwel/

think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

EdgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

enableverbUS /eˈneɪbəl/

render capable or able for some task

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

ExpertadjectiveUS /ˈekspərt/

having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

ExtraordinaryadjectiveUS /ˌekstrəˈɔːrdəneri/

beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

FineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

goatsnounUS /ɡoʊts/

plural of “goat” — any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

GreatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

Haggart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

harmonynounUS /ˈhɑːrməni/

compatibility in opinion and action

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

HorribleadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːrəbəl/

provoking horror

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

individualsnounUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz/

plural of “individual” — a human being

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

invariablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

lacknounUS /læk/

the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

ladnounUS /læd/

a boy or man

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading The Scotch are expert climbers, and I was now a Scot in most things, particularly in language.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

MaterialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

MeanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The Scotch are expert climbers, and I was now a Scot in most things, particularly in language.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The Scotch are expert climbers, and I was now a Scot in most things, particularly in language.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

opportunitiesnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnətiz/

plural of “opportunity” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

overcomeverbUS /ˈoʊvərkʌm/

win a victory over

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading The Scotch are expert climbers, and I was now a Scot in most things, particularly in language.

PassionnounUS /ˈpæʃən/

a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

patiencenounUS /ˈpeɪʃəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

perseverancenounUS /ˌpɝː.səˈvɪr.əns/

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in success. (Sự kiên trì, bền bỉ không bỏ cuộc.)

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

RednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

RobbernounUS /ˈrɑːbər/

a thief who steals from someone by threatening violence

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

RulingnounUS /ˈruːlɪŋ/

the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself)

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

ScotnounUS /skɑːt/

a native or inhabitant of Scotland

From this reading The Scotch are expert climbers, and I was now a Scot in most things, particularly in language.

ScotchnounUS /skɑːtʃ/

a slight surface cut (especially a notch that is made to keep a tally)

From this reading The Scotch are expert climbers, and I was now a Scot in most things, particularly in language.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

SomethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading The Scotch are expert climbers, and I was now a Scot in most things, particularly in language.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

VictorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading Expert Climbers--The Crags--Something Red--The Horrible Edge--David Haggart--Fine Materials--The Greatest Victory--Extraordinary Robber--The Ruling Passion.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Scotch are expert climbers, and I was now a Scot in most things, particularly in language.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Meanwhile I had become a daring cragsman, a character to which an English lad has seldom opportunities of aspiring; for in England there are neither crags nor mountains.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Of these, however, as is well known, there is no lack in Scotland, and the habits of individuals are invariably in harmony with the country in which they dwell.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The Castle in which I dwelt stood upon a rock, a bold and craggy one, which, at first sight, would seem to bid defiance to any feet save those of goats and chamois; but patience and perseverance generally enable mankind to overcome things which, at first sight, appear impossible.

Chapter 9 of Lavengro by George Borrow holds 90 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Lavengro contain?

Chapter 9 holds 90 sentences of Lavengro, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Lavengro by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 90 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Lavengro?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lavengro

Common questions about reading Lavengro by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lavengro?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lavengro is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lavengro take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lavengro section by section

How to work through Lavengro section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

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Vocabulary met early in Lavengro

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lavengro, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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