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Lavengro
Lavengro

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Lavengro is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.
I was standing on the Castle Hill in the midst of a fair of horses.
I have already had occasion to mention this castle.
It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.
Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lavengro

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Lavengro is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.
Line 2
I was standing on the Castle Hill in the midst of a fair of horses.
/aɪ wɑːz ˈstændɪŋ ɑːn ðə ˈkæsəl hɪl ɪn ðə mɪdst ʌv ə fer ʌv ˈhɔːrsəz/
Line 3
I have already had occasion to mention this castle.
/aɪ hæv ɔːlˈredi hæd əˈkeɪʒən tuː ˈmenʃən ðɪs ˈkæsəl/
Line 4
It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.
Line 5
Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

feat noun US /fiːt/

a notable achievement

From this reading “Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.”

mound noun US /maʊnd/

(baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands

From this reading “It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.”

Pal noun US /pæl/

a close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities

From this reading “Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.”

periods noun US /ˈpɪriədz/

plural of “period” — an amount of time

From this reading “Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.”

separates noun US /ˈsepəreɪts/

plural of “separate” — a separately printed article that originally appeared in a larger publication

From this reading “Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.”

stronghold noun US /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading “It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.”

tournament noun US /ˈtʊrnəmənt/

a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading “Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.”

Trotter noun US /ˈtrɑːtər/

foot of a pig or sheep especially one used as food

From this reading “Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I was standing on the Castle Hill in the midst of a fair of horses.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading I have already had occasion to mention this castle.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

beastsnounUS /biːsts/

plural of “beast” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

BeautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

beeves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

BloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

buyverbUS /baɪ/

obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading I was standing on the Castle Hill in the midst of a fair of horses.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

chivalrynounUS /ˈʃɪvəlri/

courtesy towards women

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

DiamondsnounUS /ˈdaɪməndz/

plural of “diamond” — a transparent piece of diamond that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

evidentlyadverbUS /ˈevədəntli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

EyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

FairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

FastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

featnounUS /fiːt/

a notable achievement

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

flungverbUS /flʌŋ/

inflected form of “fling” — throw with force or recklessness

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

ForcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

gorgeverbUS /ɡɔːrdʒ/

overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I have already had occasion to mention this castle.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have already had occasion to mention this castle.

HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading I was standing on the Castle Hill in the midst of a fair of horses.

HorsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I was standing on the Castle Hill in the midst of a fair of horses.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I was standing on the Castle Hill in the midst of a fair of horses.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

JaspernounUS /ˈdʒæspər/

an opaque form of quartz; red or yellow or brown or dark green in color; used for ornamentation or as a gemstone

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

LooksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

mentionverbUS /ˈmenʃən/

make reference to

From this reading I have already had occasion to mention this castle.

midstnounUS /mɪdst/

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading I was standing on the Castle Hill in the midst of a fair of horses.

monticle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

moundnounUS /maʊnd/

(baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

NormannounUS /ˈnɔːrmən/

United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading I have already had occasion to mention this castle.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I was standing on the Castle Hill in the midst of a fair of horses.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

PairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

PalnounUS /pæl/

a close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

perchedverbUS /pɜːrtʃt/

past form of “perch” — sit, as on a branch

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

periodsnounUS /ˈpɪriədz/

plural of “period” — an amount of time

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

QuiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

resortnounUS /rɪˈzɔːrt/

a hotel located in a resort area

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

RespectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

scarped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

sellverbUS /sel/

exchange or deliver for money or its equivalent

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

separatesnounUS /ˈsepəreɪts/

plural of “separate” — a separately printed article that originally appeared in a larger publication

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

show-place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading I was standing on the Castle Hill in the midst of a fair of horses.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

SteepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

StrangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

strongholdnounUS /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

swellverbUS /swel/

increase in size, magnitude, number, or intensity

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I have already had occasion to mention this castle.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I have already had occasion to mention this castle.

tournamentnounUS /ˈtʊrnəmənt/

a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

TrotternounUS /ˈtrɑːtər/

foot of a pig or sheep especially one used as food

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was standing on the Castle Hill in the midst of a fair of horses.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It is the remains of what was once a Norman stronghold, and is perched upon a round mound or monticle, in the midst of the old city.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Steep is this mound and scarped, evidently by the hand of man; a deep gorge, over which is flung a bridge, separates it, on the south, from a broad swell of open ground called "the hill"; of old the scene of many a tournament and feat of Norman chivalry, but now much used as a show-place for cattle, where those who buy and sell beeves and other beasts resort at stated periods.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

YoungadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Fair of Horses--Looks of Respect--The Fast Trotter--Pair of Eyes--Strange Men--Jasper, Your Pal--Force of Blood--Young Lady with Diamonds--Not Quite so Beautiful.

Chapter 17 of Lavengro by George Borrow holds 65 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Lavengro contain?

Chapter 17 holds 65 sentences of Lavengro, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Lavengro by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 65 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Lavengro?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lavengro

Common questions about reading Lavengro by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lavengro?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lavengro is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lavengro take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lavengro section by section

How to work through Lavengro section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Lavengro to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lavengro

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lavengro, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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