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Lavengro
Lavengro

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Lavengro is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
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The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?
There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.
Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.
He was a tall stout man, about sixty, dressed in a loose morning gown.
The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lavengro

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Lavengro is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?
Line 2
There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.
/ðer wɜːr tuː ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz ɪn ðə ruːm ɪn wɪtʃ aɪ naʊ faʊnd ˌmaɪˈself ɪt wɑːz ə smɔːl ˈstʌdi sərˈaʊndɪd wɪð ˈbʊkkeɪsɪz ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ˈlʊkɪŋ aʊt əˈpɑːn ðə skwer/
Line 3
Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.
/ʌv ðiːz ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz hiː huː əˈpɪrd tuː biː ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl stʊd wɪð hɪz bæk tuː ðə ˈfaɪərpleɪs/
Line 4
He was a tall stout man, about sixty, dressed in a loose morning gown.
/hiː wɑːz ə tɔːl staʊt mæn əˈbaʊt ˈsɪksti drest ɪn ə luːs ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ɡaʊn/
Line 5
The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bilious adjective US /ˈbɪliəs/

relating to or containing bile

From this reading “The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.”

bluff noun US /blʌf/

a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)

From this reading “The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.”

bookcases noun US /ˈbʊkkeɪsɪz/

plural of “bookcase” — a piece of furniture with shelves for storing books

From this reading “There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.”

Correspondent noun US /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndənt/

someone who communicates by means of letters

From this reading “The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?”

individuals noun US /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz/

plural of “individual” — a human being

From this reading “There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.”

Review noun US /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading “The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?”

sinister adjective US /ˈsɪnɪstər/

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

From this reading “The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?”

tinge noun US /tɪndʒ/

a slight but appreciable amount

From this reading “The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He was a tall stout man, about sixty, dressed in a loose morning gown.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

biliousadjectiveUS /ˈbɪliəs/

relating to or containing bile

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

bluffnounUS /blʌf/

a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

bookcasesnounUS /ˈbʊkkeɪsɪz/

plural of “bookcase” — a piece of furniture with shelves for storing books

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

complexionnounUS /kəmˈplekʃən/

the coloring of a person's face

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

ConversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

CorrespondentnounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndənt/

someone who communicates by means of letters

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

Dairyman's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

DaughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading He was a tall stout man, about sixty, dressed in a loose morning gown.

ExcellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

fireplacenounUS /ˈfaɪərpleɪs/

an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

GlanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

GotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

gownnounUS /ɡaʊn/

a woman's dress, usually with a close-fitting bodice and a long flared skirt, often worn on formal occasions

From this reading He was a tall stout man, about sixty, dressed in a loose morning gown.

Haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

individualsnounUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz/

plural of “individual” — a human being

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading He was a tall stout man, about sixty, dressed in a loose morning gown.

LosingverbUS /ˈluːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading He was a tall stout man, about sixty, dressed in a loose morning gown.

MeritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading He was a tall stout man, about sixty, dressed in a loose morning gown.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

OriginaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

PrinciplesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

QuiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

ReviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

rubicundadjective

inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

SinisteradjectiveUS /ˈsɪnɪstər/

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

sixtyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪksti/

being ten more than fifty

From this reading He was a tall stout man, about sixty, dressed in a loose morning gown.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

StartingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtɪŋ/

(especially of eyes) bulging or protruding as with fear

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

StopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

stoutadjectiveUS /staʊt/

dependable

From this reading He was a tall stout man, about sixty, dressed in a loose morning gown.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

SystemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading He was a tall stout man, about sixty, dressed in a loose morning gown.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

tingenounUS /tɪndʒ/

a slight but appreciable amount

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

TradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Of these individuals he who appeared to be the principal stood with his back to the fireplace.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading There were two individuals in the room in which I now found myself; it was a small study, surrounded with bookcases, the window looking out upon the square.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading The expression of his countenance would have been bluff but for a certain sinister glance, and his complexion might have been called rubicund but for a considerable tinge of bilious yellow.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The Sinister Glance--Excellent Correspondent--Quite Original--My System--A Losing Trade--Merit--Starting a Review--What Have You Got?--Stop!--Dairyman's Daughter--Oxford Principles--More Conversation--How is This?

Chapter 31 of Lavengro by George Borrow holds 110 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Lavengro contain?

Chapter 31 holds 110 sentences of Lavengro, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Lavengro by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 110 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Lavengro?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lavengro

Common questions about reading Lavengro by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lavengro?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lavengro is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lavengro take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lavengro section by section

How to work through Lavengro section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Lavengro to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lavengro

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lavengro, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.