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Lavengro
Lavengro

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of Lavengro is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.
One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.
As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.
He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.
His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lavengro

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of Lavengro is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.
Line 2
One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.
Line 3
As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.
/æz ɪt ɪz ˈnesəseri ðæt ðə ˈriːdər ʃʊd noʊ ˈsʌmθɪŋ mɔːr əˈbaʊt ðɪs jʌŋ mæn huː wɪl ˈfriːkwəntli əˈpɪr ɪn ðə kɔːrs ʌv ðiːz ˈpeɪdʒəz aɪ wɪl steɪt ɪn ə fjuː wɜːrdz huː ənd wʌt hiː wɑːz/
Line 4
He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.
/hiː wɑːz bɔːrn ʌv æn ˈeɪn.ʃənt ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪk ˈfæməli ɪn ˈaɪərlənd hɪz ˈperənts huːz ˈoʊnli tʃaɪld hiː wɑːz hæd lɔːŋ bɪn ded/
Line 5
His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.
/hɪz ˈfɑːðər huː hæd sərˈvaɪvd hɪz ˈmʌðər ˈsevrəl jɪrz hæd bɪn ə ˈspendθrɪft ənd æt hɪz deθ hæd left ðə ˈfæməli ˈprɑːpərti kənˈsɪdərəbli ɪmˈberəst/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Application noun US /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose

From this reading “Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.”

Batch noun US /bætʃ/

all the loaves of bread baked at the same time

From this reading “Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.”

considerably adverb US /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

to a great extent or degree

From this reading “His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.”

Flinging verb US /ˈflɪŋɪŋ/

-ing form of “fling” — throw with force or recklessness

From this reading “Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.”

Opposites noun US /ˈɑːpəzəts/

plural of “opposite” — a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other

From this reading “Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.”

Redoubled adjective US /riˈdʌbəld/

become much greater in intensity or size or amount

From this reading “Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.”

spendthrift noun US /ˈspendθrɪft/

someone who spends money prodigally

From this reading “His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.”

survived verb US /sərˈvaɪvd/

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading “His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

ApplicationnounUS /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

Ardry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

BatchnounUS /bætʃ/

all the loaves of bread baked at the same time

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

BonesnounUS /boʊnz/

(used in the plural) a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

BraveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

CatholicadjectiveUS /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

CertainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

coffee-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

considerablyadverbUS /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

to a great extent or degree

From this reading His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.

Dog-Fighting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

DogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

EloquentadjectiveUS /ˈeləkwənt/

expressing yourself readily, clearly, effectively

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

embarrassedadjectiveUS /ɪmˈberəst/

feeling or caused to feel ill at ease or self-conscious or ashamed

From this reading His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

FlingingverbUS /ˈflɪŋɪŋ/

-ing form of “fling” — throw with force or recklessness

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

Francis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

LearningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.

LettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

OppositesnounUS /ˈɑːpəzəts/

plural of “opposite” — a word that expresses a meaning opposed to the meaning of another word, in which case the two words are antonyms of each other

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

PlacesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

RedoubledadjectiveUS /riˈdʌbəld/

become much greater in intensity or size or amount

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading He was born of an ancient Roman Catholic family in Ireland; his parents, whose only child he was, had long been dead.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.

Sharpers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

spendthriftnounUS /ˈspendθrɪft/

someone who spends money prodigally

From this reading His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

StrangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

survivedverbUS /sərˈvaɪvd/

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Francis Ardry--Certain Sharpers--Brave and Eloquent--Opposites--Flinging the Bones--Strange Places--Dog-Fighting--Learning and Letters--Batch of Dogs--Redoubled Application.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

visitedverbUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading As it is necessary that the reader should know something more about this young man, who will frequently appear in the course of these pages, I will state in a few words who and what he was.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading His father, who had survived his mother several years, had been a spendthrift, and at his death had left the family property considerably embarrassed.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading One evening I was visited by the tall young gentleman, Francis Ardry, whose acquaintance I had formed at the coffee-house.

Chapter 36 of Lavengro by George Borrow holds 74 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of Lavengro contain?

Chapter 36 holds 74 sentences of Lavengro, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of Lavengro by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 74 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of Lavengro?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lavengro

Common questions about reading Lavengro by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lavengro?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lavengro is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lavengro take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lavengro section by section

How to work through Lavengro section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Lavengro to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lavengro

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lavengro, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.