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Lavengro
Lavengro

Chapter XLI · Chapter 41

Chapter 41 of Lavengro is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.
So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.
The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.
I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.
As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lavengro

Chapter XLI · Chapter 41

Chapter 41 of Lavengro is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.
Line 2
So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.
/soʊ aɪ went tuː ˈlʌndən brɪdʒ ənd əˈɡen tʊk maɪ ˈsteɪʃən ɑːn ðə spɑːt baɪ ðə buːθ wer aɪ hæd stʊd ɑːn ðə ˈfɔːrmər əˈkeɪʒən/
Line 3
The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.
Line 4
I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.
Line 5
As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bitters noun US /ˈbɪtərz/

alcoholic liquor flavored with bitter herbs and roots

From this reading “London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.”

convulsive adjective US /kənˈvʌlsɪv/

affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm

From this reading “As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.”

eddies noun US /ˈediz/

plural of “eddy” — founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910)

From this reading “As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.”

extinct adjective US /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/

no longer in existence; lost or especially having died out leaving no living representatives

From this reading “As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.”

flounder verb US /ˈflaʊndər/

walk with great difficulty

From this reading “As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.”

plunge verb US /plʌndʒ/

thrust or throw into

From this reading “As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.”

stall noun US /stɔːl/

a compartment in a stable where a single animal is confined and fed

From this reading “The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.”

whirlpool noun US /ˈwɜːrlpuːl/

a powerful circular current of water (usually the result of conflicting tides)

From this reading “As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

apple-woman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.

archnounUS /ɑːrtʃ/

a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

balustradenoun

a railing at the side of a staircase or balcony to prevent people from falling

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

BittersnounUS /ˈbɪtərz/

alcoholic liquor flavored with bitter herbs and roots

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

BooknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

boothnounUS /buːθ/

a table (in a restaurant or bar) surrounded by two high-backed benches

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

BoysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

BridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

BrightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

convulsiveadjectiveUS /kənˈvʌlsɪv/

affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

eddiesnounUS /ˈediz/

plural of “eddy” — founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910)

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

extinctadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/

no longer in existence; lost or especially having died out leaving no living representatives

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

flounderverbUS /ˈflaʊndər/

walk with great difficulty

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

FrightnounUS /fraɪt/

an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

frightfuladjectiveUS /ˈfraɪtfəl/

provoking horror

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

gazedverbUS /ɡeɪzd/

past form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

GiveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

HeartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.

HonournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

impetuositynoun

rash impulsiveness

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

plungeverbUS /plʌndʒ/

thrust or throw into

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

rollingadjectiveUS /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

uttered with a trill

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

stallnounUS /stɔːl/

a compartment in a stable where a single animal is confined and fed

From this reading The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The booth, however, was empty; neither the apple-woman nor her stall was to be seen.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading So I went to London Bridge, and again took my station on the spot by the booth where I had stood on the former occasion.

whirlpoolnounUS /ˈwɜːrlpuːl/

a powerful circular current of water (usually the result of conflicting tides)

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

WickedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪkəd/

morally bad in principle or practice

From this reading London Bridge--Why Not?--Every Heart has its Bitters--Wicked Boys--Give me my Book--Such a Fright--Honour Bright.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I looked over the balustrade upon the river; the tide was now, as before, rolling beneath the arch with frightful impetuosity.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading As I gazed upon the eddies of the whirlpool, I thought within myself how soon human life would become extinct there; a plunge, a convulsive flounder, and all would be over.

Chapter 41 of Lavengro by George Borrow holds 102 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 41 of Lavengro contain?

Chapter 41 holds 102 sentences of Lavengro, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 41 of Lavengro by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 102 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 41 of Lavengro?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 41 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 41 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lavengro

Common questions about reading Lavengro by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lavengro?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lavengro is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lavengro take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lavengro section by section

How to work through Lavengro section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lavengro

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lavengro, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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