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Lavengro
Lavengro

Chapter XLIII · Chapter 43

Chapter 43 of Lavengro is here in full — 70 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
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Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.
Occasionally I called on Francis Ardry.
This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.
Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.
Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lavengro

Chapter XLIII · Chapter 43

Chapter 43 of Lavengro is here in full — 70 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.
Line 2
Occasionally I called on Francis Ardry.
Line 3
This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.
/ðɪs jʌŋ ˈdʒentəlmən rɪˈzaɪdɪd ɪn ˈhænsəm əˈpɑːrtmənts ɪn ðə ˈneɪbərhʊd ʌv ə ˈfæʃənəbəl skwer kept ə ˈlɪvəri ˈsɜːrvənt ənd əˈpɑːn ðə hoʊl lɪvd ɪn ˈveri ɡʊd staɪl/
Line 4
Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.
/ˈɡoʊɪŋ tuː siː hɪm wʌn deɪ bɪˈtwiːn wʌn ənd tuː aɪ wɑːz ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd baɪ ðə ˈsɜːrvənt ðæt hɪz ˈmæstər wɑːz enˈɡeɪdʒd fɔːr ðə ˈmoʊmənt bʌt ðæt ɪf aɪ pliːzd tuː weɪt ə fjuː ˈmɪnəts aɪ ʃʊd faɪnd hɪm æt ˈlɪb.ər.ti/
Line 5
Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

antechamber noun US /ˈæntetʃeɪmbər/

a large entrance or reception room or area

From this reading “Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.”

Gestures noun US /ˈdʒestʃərz/

plural of “gesture” — motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling

From this reading “Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.”

impressive adjective US /ˌɪmˈpresɪv/

making a strong or vivid impression

From this reading “Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.”

livery noun US /ˈlɪvəri/

uniform worn by some menservants and chauffeurs

From this reading “This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.”

Lump noun US /lʌmp/

a compact mass

From this reading “Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.”

resided verb US /rɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “reside” — make one's home in a particular place or community

From this reading “This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.”

speechifying verb US /ˈspiːtʃəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “speechify” — make speeches; hold forth, or harangue with a certain degree of formality

From this reading “Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.”

Voltaire noun US /voʊlˈter/

French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)

From this reading “Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

antechambernounUS /ˈæntetʃeɪmbər/

a large entrance or reception room or area

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

apartmentnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənt/

a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

apartmentsnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənts/

plural of “apartment” — a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

Ardry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

BetteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

BurningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Occasionally I called on Francis Ardry.

conductedverbUS /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

DelightfuladjectiveUS /dɪˈlaɪtfəl/

greatly pleasing or entertaining

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

Doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

drawing-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

fashionableadjectiveUS /ˈfæʃənəbəl/

being or in accordance with current social fashions

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

Francis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

Frenchwomannoun

a person of French nationality

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

gesticulatingadjective

making gestures while speaking

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

GesturesnounUS /ˈdʒestʃərz/

plural of “gesture” — motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

GoingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

impressiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpresɪv/

making a strong or vivid impression

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

ImproveverbUS /ˌɪmˈpruːv/

to make better

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

Impudencenoun

an impudent statement

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

liverynounUS /ˈlɪvəri/

uniform worn by some menservants and chauffeurs

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

LumpnounUS /lʌmp/

a compact mass

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

MagnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

neighbourhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

objectionnounUS /əbˈdʒekʃən/

the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

ObserveverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

OccasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading Occasionally I called on Francis Ardry.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Occasionally I called on Francis Ardry.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

Paunchnoun

a protruding abdomen

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

PoliticsnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

residedverbUS /rɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “reside” — make one's home in a particular place or community

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

ShamenounUS /ʃeɪm/

a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

speechifyingverbUS /ˈspiːtʃəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “speechify” — make speeches; hold forth, or harangue with a certain degree of formality

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

SugarnounUS /ˈʃʊɡər/

a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

ThinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

VoltairenounUS /voʊlˈter/

French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

waitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Going to see him one day, between one and two, I was informed by the servant that his master was engaged for the moment, but that, if I pleased to wait a few minutes, I should find him at liberty.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Having told the man that I had no objection, he conducted me into a small apartment which served as antechamber to a drawing-room; the door of this last being half open, I could see Francis Ardry at the farther end, speechifying and gesticulating in a very impressive manner.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading This young gentleman resided in handsome apartments in the neighbourhood of a fashionable square, kept a livery servant, and, upon the whole, lived in very good style.

Won't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

YoungadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Francis Ardry--That Won't Do, Sir--Observe My Gestures--I Think You Improve--Better than Politics--Delightful Young Frenchwoman--A Burning Shame--Magnificent Impudence--Paunch--Voltaire--Lump of Sugar.

Chapter 43 of Lavengro by George Borrow holds 70 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 43 of Lavengro contain?

Chapter 43 holds 70 sentences of Lavengro, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 43 of Lavengro by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 70 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 43 of Lavengro?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 43 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 43 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lavengro

Common questions about reading Lavengro by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lavengro?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lavengro is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lavengro take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lavengro section by section

How to work through Lavengro section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lavengro

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lavengro, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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