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Lavengro
Lavengro

Chapter XLV · Chapter 45

Chapter 45 of Lavengro is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Lavengro
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.
It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.
This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.
So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.
I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lavengro

Chapter XLV · Chapter 45

Chapter 45 of Lavengro is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.
Line 2
It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.
Line 3
This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.
/ðɪs ʃiː hæd dʌn ˈæftər ˈfriːkwənt ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz wɪð miː ʃiː laɪkt ðə oʊld pleɪs best ʃiː sed wɪtʃ ʃiː wʊd ˈnevər hæv left bʌt fɔːr ðə ˈterər wɪtʃ ʃiː ɪkˈspɪriənst wen ðə bɔɪz ræn əˈweɪ wɪð hɜːr bʊk/
Line 4
So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.
/soʊ aɪ sæt wɪð hɜːr æt ðə oʊld spɑːt wʌn ˌæftərˈnuːn pæst ˈmɪˈdwɪntər ˈriːdɪŋ ðə bʊk ʌv wɪtʃ aɪ hæd baɪ ðɪs taɪm kʌm tuː ðə læst ˈpeɪdʒəz/
Line 5
I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.
/aɪ hæd əbˈzɜːrvd ðæt ðə oʊld ˈwʊmən fɔːr sʌm taɪm pæst hæd ʃoʊn mʌtʃ les æŋˈzaɪəti əˈbaʊt ðə bʊk ðæn ʃiː hæd bɪn ɪn ðə ˈhæbət ʌv ˈduːɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Apples noun US /ˈæpəlz/

plural of “apple” — fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh

From this reading “The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.”

booth noun US /buːθ/

a table (in a restaurant or bar) surrounded by two high-backed benches

From this reading “It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.”

conversations noun US /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “conversation” — the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading “This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.”

Foam noun US /foʊm/

a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid

From this reading “The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.”

Metaphor noun US /ˈmetəfɔːr/

a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity

From this reading “The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.”

midwinter noun US /ˈmɪˈdwɪntər/

the middle of winter

From this reading “So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.”

originally adverb US /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading “It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.”

Pears noun US /perz/

plural of “pear” — sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties

From this reading “The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

anxietynounUS /æŋˈzaɪəti/

(psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

apple-woman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

ApplesnounUS /ˈæpəlz/

plural of “apple” — fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

boothnounUS /buːθ/

a table (in a restaurant or bar) surrounded by two high-backed benches

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

BridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.

CapnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

conversationsnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “conversation” — the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

Don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

EducationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

experiencedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

FoamnounUS /foʊm/

a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

FurnounUS /fɜːr/

the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

HarmnounUS /hɑːrm/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

HimpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

HistorynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

KnowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

likedadjectiveUS /laɪkt/

found pleasant or attractive; often used as a combining form

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

LipnounUS /lɪp/

either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

LongadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

MetaphornounUS /ˈmetəfɔːr/

a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

mid-winter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

midwinternounUS /ˈmɪˈdwɪntər/

the middle of winter

From this reading So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

NecessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

PearsnounUS /perz/

plural of “pear” — sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

ReadverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

Shaltmodal verbUS /ʃælt/

an old form of “shall”, used with “thou”

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

SpotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

StealverbUS /stiːl/

take without the owner's consent

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

terrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

ThoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading So I sat with her at the old spot, one afternoon past midwinter, reading the book, of which I had by this time come to the last pages.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

Willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was past mid-winter, and I sat on London Bridge, in company with the old apple-woman: she had just returned to the other side of the bridge, to her place in the booth where I had originally found her.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading I had observed that the old woman for some time past had shown much less anxiety about the book than she had been in the habit of doing.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading This she had done after frequent conversations with me; "She liked the old place best," she said, which she would never have left but for the terror which she experienced when the boys ran away with her book.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The Old Spot--A Long History--Thou Shalt Not Steal--No Harm--Education--Necessity--Foam on Your Lip--Apples and Pears--What Will You Read?--Metaphor--The Fur Cap--I Don't Know Him.

Chapter 45 of Lavengro by George Borrow holds 87 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 45 of Lavengro contain?

Chapter 45 holds 87 sentences of Lavengro, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 45 of Lavengro by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 87 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 45 of Lavengro?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 45 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 45 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lavengro

Common questions about reading Lavengro by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lavengro?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lavengro is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lavengro take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lavengro section by section

How to work through Lavengro section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Lavengro to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lavengro

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lavengro, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Lavengro, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.