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Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest
Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
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Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.
The Armenian!
I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.
A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.
Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.
Line 2
The Armenian!
/ðə ɑːrˈmiːniən/
Line 3
I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.
Line 4
A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.
Line 5
Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amassing verb US /əˈmæsɪŋ/

-ing form of “amass” — collect or gather

From this reading “A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.”

Ararat noun US /ˈærərɑːt/

the mountain peak that Noah's ark landed on as the waters of the great flood receded

From this reading “Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.”

Armenian noun US /ɑːrˈmiːniən/

a native or inhabitant of Armenia

From this reading “The Armenian!”

Armenians noun US /ɑːrˈmiːniənz/

plural of “armenian” — a native or inhabitant of Armenia

From this reading “Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.”

Degenerate noun US /dɪˈdʒenərət/

a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable especially in sexual behavior

From this reading “Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.”

fables noun US /ˈfeɪbəlz/

plural of “fable” — a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading “Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.”

Haik noun US /heɪk/

an outer garment consisting of a large piece of white cloth; worn by men and women in northern Africa

From this reading “Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.”

nationality noun US /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/

people having common origins or traditions and often comprising a nation

From this reading “A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

akinadjectiveUS /əˈkɪn/

similar in quality or character

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

amassingverbUS /əˈmæsɪŋ/

-ing form of “amass” — collect or gather

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

AraratnounUS /ˈærərɑːt/

the mountain peak that Noah's ark landed on as the waters of the great flood receded

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

ArmeniannounUS /ɑːrˈmiːniən/

a native or inhabitant of Armenia

From this reading The Armenian!

ArmeniansnounUS /ɑːrˈmiːniənz/

plural of “armenian” — a native or inhabitant of Armenia

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

astonishingadjectiveUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ/

surprising greatly

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

availing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

ChristiansnounUS /ˈkrɪstʃənz/

plural of “christian” — a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

DegeneratenounUS /dɪˈdʒenərət/

a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable especially in sexual behavior

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

destituteadjectiveUS /ˈdestətuːt/

poor enough to need help from others

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

Esopnoun

a program under which employees regularly accumulate shares and may ultimately assume control of the company

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

ExchangenounUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

fablesnounUS /ˈfeɪbəlz/

plural of “fable” — a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

HaiknounUS /heɪk/

an outer garment consisting of a large piece of white cloth; worn by men and women in northern Africa

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

lucrenoun

informal terms for money

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

midstnounUS /mɪdst/

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

money-getting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

nationalitynounUS /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/

people having common origins or traditions and often comprising a nation

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

PapanounUS /ˈpɑːpʌ/

an informal term for a father; probably derived from baby talk

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

permissionnounUS /pərˈmɪʃən/

approval to do something

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

personagenoun

another word for person; a person not meriting identification

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

RegularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

RootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

schemesnounUS /skiːmz/

plural of “scheme” — an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

SingularadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

unusual or striking

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

stock-jobbers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

subsequentlyadverbUS /ˈsʌbsəkwəntli/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Armenian!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

trulyadverbUS /ˈtruːli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Singular personage--A large sum--Papa of Rome--We are Christians--Degenerate Armenians--Roots of Ararat--Regular features.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I frequently saw this individual, availing myself of the permission which he had given me to call upon him.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

willingadjectiveUS /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

disposed or inclined toward

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A truly singular personage was he, with his love of amassing money, and his nationality so strong as to be akin to poetry.

ZnounUS /ziː/

the ending of a series or sequence

From this reading Many an Armenian I have subsequently known fond of money-getting, and not destitute of national spirit; but never another, who, in the midst of his schemes of lucre, was at all times willing to enter into a conversation on the structure of the Haik language, or who ever offered me money to render into English the fables of Z--- in the hope of astonishing the stock-jobbers of the Exchange with the wisdom of the Haik Esop.

Chapter 20 of Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest by George Borrow holds 108 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest contain?

Chapter 20 holds 108 sentences of Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 108 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #452, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1685 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Birth--my
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father--tamerlane--ben
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brain--french
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Protestants--east
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.