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Lavinia
Lavinia

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Lavinia is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.
Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.
Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.
He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.
But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lavinia

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Lavinia is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.
Line 2
Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.
Line 3
Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.
Line 4
He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.
/hiː tʃoʊz ðə fɜːrst ðoʊ æz ˈevribɑːdi sed wɪð ə ˈveri ɪl ɡreɪs/
Line 5
But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alternate adjective US /ˈɔːltərnət/

every second one of a series

From this reading “The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.”

alternatives noun US /ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪvz/

plural of “alternative” — one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen

From this reading “Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.”

baby's noun US /ˈbeɪbiz/

possessive form of “baby” — a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

Campion noun US /ˈkæmpiən/

any plant of the genus Silene

From this reading “Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.”

curses noun US /ˈkɜːrsɪz/

plural of “curse” — profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading “The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.”

devolved verb US /dɪˈvɑːlvd/

past form of “devolve” — pass on or delegate to another

From this reading “Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.”

forsaken verb US /fɔːrˈseɪkən/

inflected form of “forsake” — leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading “Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.”

saddling verb US /ˈsædəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “saddle” — put a saddle on

From this reading “Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

blood relation noun + noun

one related by blood or origin; especially on sharing an ancestor with another

In this reading “Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.”

unfortunate persons adjective + noun counted as “unfortunate person”

a person who suffers misfortune

In this reading “Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.”

ill grace adjective + noun

In this reading “He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.”

within the year preposition + article + noun counted as “within … year”

In this reading “The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.”

delight in verb + particle

In this reading “Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.”

All words in this reading · 122

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

alternateadjectiveUS /ˈɔːltərnət/

every second one of a series

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

alternativesnounUS /ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪvz/

plural of “alternative” — one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

angrilyadverbUS /ˈæŋɡrəli/

with anger

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.

baby'snounUS /ˈbeɪbiz/

possessive form of “baby” — a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

Beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

belabouring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

blessingsnounUS /ˈblesɪŋz/

plural of “blessing” — the formal act of approving

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

brutenounUS /bruːt/

a cruelly rapacious person

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

CampionnounUS /ˈkæmpiən/

any plant of the genus Silene

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

Campion's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

Carew's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

choseverbUS /tʃoʊz/

inflected form of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

creaturenounUS /ˈkriːtʃər/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

crownedadjectiveUS /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

cursesnounUS /ˈkɜːrsɪz/

plural of “curse” — profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

devolvedverbUS /dɪˈvɑːlvd/

past form of “devolve” — pass on or delegate to another

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

doublyadverbUS /ˈdʌbli/

to double the degree

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

eighteenth-century

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

entrynounUS /ˈentri/

an item inserted in a written record

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

everybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

FatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.

foolishadjectiveUS /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

forsakenverbUS /fɔːrˈseɪkən/

inflected form of “forsake” — leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

fortnightnounUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪt/

a period of fourteen consecutive days

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

hillsidenounUS /ˈhɪlsaɪd/

the side or slope of a hill

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

Kentishnoun

one of the major dialects of Old English

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

kindlyadjectiveUS /ˈkaɪndli/

showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding and generosity

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

Lavinia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

modestadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdəst/

marked by simplicity; having a humble opinion of yourself

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

nearestadverbUS /ˈnɪrəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

niecenounUS /niːs/

a daughter of your brother or sister

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

painsnounUS /peɪnz/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

pinknounUS /pɪŋk/

a light shade of red

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

predeceased

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

protestedverbUS /prəˈtestɪd/

past form of “protest” — utter words of protest

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

rough-cast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

saddlingverbUS /ˈsædəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “saddle” — put a saddle on

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

sendingnounUS /ˈsendɪŋ/

the act of causing something to go (especially messages)

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

unnaturaladjectiveUS /ənˈnætʃərəl/

not in accordance with or determined by nature; contrary to nature

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

verandahnoun

a porch along the outside of a building (sometimes partly enclosed)

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He chose the first; though, as everybody said, with a very ill grace.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But the people who kindly tried to tell her this in later days could never get Sir George Campion’s niece to believe it.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Being one of those completely unfortunate persons whom Fate seems to delight in belabouring, her husband had predeceased her by a fortnight.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

workhousenoun

a poorhouse where able-bodied poor are compelled to labor

From this reading Upon the doubly forsaken baby’s nearest blood relation, Sir George Campion, had devolved the choice of two alternatives--that of saddling himself for life with a creature against whose entry into it he had always angrily protested, and that of sending it to the workhouse, and being called an unnatural brute for his pains.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The modest, low house on the Kentish hillside, with its pink, rough-cast face, its tall, narrow, eighteenth-century windows, its verandah, the alternate object of summer blessings and winter curses, has been Lavinia Carew’s home ever since her mother had crowned a foolish marriage by a perhaps less foolish death within the year.

Chapter 4 of Lavinia by Rhoda Broughton holds 153 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Lavinia contain?

Chapter 4 holds 153 sentences of Lavinia, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Lavinia by Rhoda Broughton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 153 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Lavinia?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lavinia

Common questions about reading Lavinia by Rhoda Broughton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lavinia?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lavinia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lavinia take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lavinia section by section

How to work through Lavinia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Lavinia to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lavinia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lavinia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Lavinia, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Lavinia, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.