Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Layamon's Brut
Layamon's Brut

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Layamon's Brut is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Layamon's Brut
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.
Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.
The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.
When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.
Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Layamon's Brut

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Layamon's Brut is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.
Line 2
Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.
/fɔːrθ ðeɪ ɡæn mɑːrtʃ ˈɪntuː ˈlʌndən ənd sent ˈæftər naɪts ˈoʊvər ɔːl ðə ˈkɪŋdəm ənd ˈevəri breɪv mæn ðæt ˈspiːdəli hiː ʃʊd kʌm ˌæˈnɔːn/
Line 3
The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.
Line 4
When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.
Line 5
Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

badgers noun US /ˈbædʒərz/

plural of “badger” — a native or resident of Wisconsin

From this reading “The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.”

Briton noun US /ˈbrɪtən/

a native or inhabitant of Great Britain

From this reading “The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.”

Britons noun US /ˈbrɪtənz/

plural of “briton” — a native or inhabitant of Great Britain

From this reading “The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.”

fen noun US /fen/

100 fen equal 1 yuan in China

From this reading “The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.”

gan verb US /ɡæn/

inflected form of “gin” — separate the seeds from (cotton) with a cotton gin

From this reading “Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.”

journeyed verb US /ˈdʒɜːrnid/

past form of “journey” — undertake a journey or trip

From this reading “Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.”

pits noun US /pɪts/

plural of “pit” — a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)

From this reading “The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.”

stocks noun US /stɑːks/

a frame that supports a boat while it is under construction

From this reading “The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

anonadverbUS /ˌæˈnɔːn/

at another time

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

ashoreadverbUS /əˈʃɔːr/

towards the shore from the water

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

badgersnounUS /ˈbædʒərz/

plural of “badger” — a native or resident of Wisconsin

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

BritonnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a native or inhabitant of Great Britain

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

BritonsnounUS /ˈbrɪtənz/

plural of “briton” — a native or inhabitant of Great Britain

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

burghnoun

a borough in Scotland

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

Constantin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

deernounUS /dɪr/

distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

fennounUS /fen/

100 fen equal 1 yuan in China

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

ForthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

ganverbUS /ɡæn/

inflected form of “gin” — separate the seeds from (cotton) with a cotton gin

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

heathnounUS /hiːθ/

a low evergreen shrub of the family Ericaceae; has small bell-shaped pink or purple flowers

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

hidverbUS /hɪd/

inflected form of “hide” — prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

inclosed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

journeyedverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrnid/

past form of “journey” — undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

leaptverbUS /lept/

inflected form of “leap” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

nighadjectiveUS /naɪ/

not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

pitsnounUS /pɪts/

plural of “pit” — a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

pressedadjectiveUS /prest/

compacted by ironing

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

speedilyadverbUS /ˈspiːdəli/

with speed

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

stocksnounUS /stɑːks/

a frame that supports a boat while it is under construction

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Forth they gan march into London, and sent after knights over all the kingdom, and every brave man, that speedily he should come anon.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

thitheradverbUS /ˈðɪθɜːr/

an old word meaning “to that place”

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

Totnes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

wealdnoun

an area of open or forested country

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

wildernessnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At Totnes Constantin the fair and all his host came ashore; thither came the bold man--well was he brave!--and with him two thousand knights such as no king possessed.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Many hundred thousand marched toward London, by street and by weald all it forth pressed; and the brave women put on them men's clothes, and they forth journeyed toward the army.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading The Britons heard that, where they dwelt in the pits; in earth and in stocks they hid them like badgers, in wood and in wilderness, in heath and in fen, so that well nigh no man might find any Briton, except they were in castle, or in burgh inclosed fast.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading When they heard of this word, that Constantin was in the land, then came out of the mountains many thousand men; they leapt out of the wood as if it were deer.

Chapter 1 of Layamon's Brut by active 1200 Layamon holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Layamon's Brut contain?

Chapter 1 holds 404 sentences of Layamon's Brut, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Layamon's Brut by active 1200 Layamon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Layamon's Brut?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Layamon's Brut

Common questions about reading Layamon's Brut by active 1200 Layamon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Layamon's Brut?

Yes. All 2400 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14305 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Layamon's Brut is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14305, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Layamon's Brut take to read?

About 200 minutes of reading across 480 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Layamon's Brut section by section

How to work through Layamon's Brut section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Layamon's Brut to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Layamon's Brut

Words and structures a reader meets early in Layamon's Brut, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Totnes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constantin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ashore
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thither
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.