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Layamon's Brut
Layamon's Brut

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Layamon's Brut is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Layamon's Brut
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.
Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.
Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!
From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.
Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Layamon's Brut

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Layamon's Brut is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.
Line 2
Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.
Line 3
Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!
/ðen ðeɪ sɔː əˈfɑːr ə ˈmɑːrvələs stɑːr ɪt wɑːz brɔːd ɪt wɑːz lɑːrdʒ ɪt wɑːz ˌɪˈmens/
Line 4
From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.
/frʌm ɪt keɪm ɡliːmz ˈterəbli ˈʃaɪnɪŋ ðə stɑːr ɪz neɪmd ɪn ˈlætən ˈkɑːmət/
Line 5
Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afar adverb US /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading “Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!”

comet noun US /ˈkɑːmət/

(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading “From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.”

dragon noun US /ˈdræɡən/

a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings

From this reading “Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!”

dragon's noun US /ˈdræɡənz/

possessive form of “dragon” — a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings

From this reading “Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!”

gan verb US /ɡæn/

inflected form of “gin” — separate the seeds from (cotton) with a cotton gin

From this reading “Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.”

gleams noun US /ɡliːmz/

plural of “gleam” — an appearance of reflected light

From this reading “From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.”

marvellous adjective US /ˈmɑːrvələs/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading “Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!”

Wales noun US /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading “Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

afaradverbUS /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.

cometnounUS /ˈkɑːmət/

(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.

dragonnounUS /ˈdræɡən/

a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

dragon'snounUS /ˈdræɡənz/

possessive form of “dragon” — a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

enow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

eventime

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.

ganverbUS /ɡæn/

inflected form of “gin” — separate the seeds from (cotton) with a cotton gin

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

gleamverbUS /ɡliːm/

be shiny, as if wet

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

gleam's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

gleamsnounUS /ɡliːmz/

plural of “gleam” — an appearance of reflected light

From this reading From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

marvellousadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrvələs/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.

nighadjectiveUS /naɪ/

not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

Pascent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!

shineverbUS /ʃaɪn/

be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

shiningadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.

starnounUS /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!

sunlightnounUS /ˈsʌnlaɪt/

the rays of the sun

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

terriblyadverbUS /ˈterəbli/

used as intensifiers

From this reading From it came gleams terribly shining, the star is named in Latin, comet.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Came from the star a gleam most fierce; at this gleam's end was a dragon fair, from this dragon's mouth came gleams enow!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

Uther

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Then they saw afar a marvellous star; it was broad, it was large, it was immense!

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Then in the eventime, the moon gan to shine, well nigh all as bright as the sunlight.

wildernessnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Uther lay in Wales, in a wilderness, and prepared to march, to fight with Pascent.

Chapter 3 of Layamon's Brut by active 1200 Layamon holds 411 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Layamon's Brut contain?

Chapter 3 holds 411 sentences of Layamon's Brut, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Layamon's Brut by active 1200 Layamon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 411 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Layamon's Brut?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Layamon's Brut

Common questions about reading Layamon's Brut by active 1200 Layamon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Layamon's Brut?

Yes. All 2400 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14305 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Layamon's Brut is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14305, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Layamon's Brut take to read?

About 200 minutes of reading across 480 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Layamon's Brut section by section

How to work through Layamon's Brut section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Layamon's Brut to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Layamon's Brut

Words and structures a reader meets early in Layamon's Brut, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Totnes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constantin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ashore
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thither
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.