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Layamon's Brut
Layamon's Brut

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Layamon's Brut is here in full — 396 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.
Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.
Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.
Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.
But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Layamon's Brut

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Layamon's Brut is here in full — 396 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.
Line 2
Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.
Line 3
Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.
Line 4
Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.
Line 5
But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

armies noun US /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading “Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.”

besieged adjective US /bɪˈsiːdʒd/

surrounded by hostile forces

From this reading “Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.”

bliss noun US /blɪs/

a state of extreme happiness

From this reading “Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.”

forthright adjective US /ˈfɔːrˈθraɪt/

characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion

From this reading “Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.”

innumerable adjective US /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading “Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.”

kaiser noun US /ˈkaɪzər/

the title of the Holy Roman Emperors or the emperors of Austria or of Germany until 1918

From this reading “Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.”

mickle noun US /ˈmɪkəl/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading “Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.”

noblest adjective US /ˈnoʊblɪst/

superlative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading “Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

anonadverbUS /ˌæˈnɔːn/

at another time

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

besiegedadjectiveUS /bɪˈsiːdʒd/

surrounded by hostile forces

From this reading Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.

blissnounUS /blɪs/

a state of extreme happiness

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

Childric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.

embracedverbUS /emˈbreɪst/

past form of “embrace” — include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.

familiarlyadverb

in an intimately familiar manner

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

folknounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

forth-right

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

forthrightadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrˈθraɪt/

characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

Hamtone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

Howel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

innumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

kaisernounUS /ˈkaɪzər/

the title of the Holy Roman Emperors or the emperors of Austria or of Germany until 1918

From this reading Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

kissedverbUS /kɪst/

past form of “kiss” — touch with the lips or press the lips (against someone's mouth or other body part) as an expression of love, greeting, etc.

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

LincolnnounUS /ˈlɪŋkən/

16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

From this reading Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

micklenounUS /ˈmɪkəl/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.

noblestadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊblɪst/

superlative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.

noughtnoun

a mathematical element that when added to another number yields the same number

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

soothnoun

truth or reality

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

spake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

TogetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Together they came--bliss was among the folk--and they kissed and embraced, and spake familiarly; and anon forthright assembled their knights.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading Forth-right they marched toward the North end, toward Lincoln night and day, that Childric the kaiser besieged.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Then were there together two good armies, of whom Howel should command thirty thousand knights, and Arthur had in land forty thousand in hand.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Arthur was in London, noblest of kings, and heard say sooth relation, that Howel the strong was come to land, forth-right to Hamtone, with thirty thousand knights, and with innumerable folk, that followed the king; Arthur towards him marched, with great bliss; with a mickle host, towards his relation.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading But he the yet had nought won; for there were within seven thousand men, brave men and active, by day and night.

Chapter 4 of Layamon's Brut by active 1200 Layamon holds 396 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Layamon's Brut contain?

Chapter 4 holds 396 sentences of Layamon's Brut, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Layamon's Brut by active 1200 Layamon exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 396 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Layamon's Brut?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Layamon's Brut

Common questions about reading Layamon's Brut by active 1200 Layamon on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Layamon's Brut?

Yes. All 2400 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14305 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Layamon's Brut is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14305, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Layamon's Brut take to read?

About 200 minutes of reading across 480 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Layamon's Brut section by section

How to work through Layamon's Brut section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Layamon's Brut to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Layamon's Brut

Words and structures a reader meets early in Layamon's Brut, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Totnes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constantin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ashore
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thither
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Layamon's Brut; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.