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Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1
Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1 is here in full — 271 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.
And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.
What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?
Nay, said Sir Beaumains, I will not turn again an they were six more.
And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1 is here in full — 271 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.
Line 2
And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.
/ənd ðer wɑːz ə ɡreɪt ˈrɪvər ənd bʌt wʌn ˈpæsədʒ ənd ðer wɜːr ˈredi tuː naɪts ɑːn ðə ˈfɑːrðər saɪd tuː let ðem ðə ˈpæsədʒ/
Line 3
What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?
Line 4
Nay, said Sir Beaumains, I will not turn again an they were six more.
Line 5
And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brake noun US /breɪk/

a restraint used to slow or stop a vehicle

From this reading “And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.”

knights noun US /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading “And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.”

match verb US /mætʃ/

be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading “What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?”

morn noun US /mɔːrn/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading “And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.”

spears noun US /spɪrz/

plural of “spear” — a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading “And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.”

swords noun US /sɔːrdz/

plural of “sword” — a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading “And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.”

thanked verb US /θæŋkt/

past form of “thank” — express gratitude or show appreciation to

From this reading “And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.”

wilt modal verb US /wɪlt/

an old form of “will”, used with “thou”

From this reading “What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Nay, said Sir Beaumains, I will not turn again an they were six more.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

Beaumains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay, said Sir Beaumains, I will not turn again an they were six more.

brakenounUS /breɪk/

a restraint used to slow or stop a vehicle

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

damoselnoun

a young unmarried woman

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

eagerlyadverbUS /ˈiːɡərli/

with eagerness; in an eager manner

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Nay, said Sir Beaumains, I will not turn again an they were six more.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

matchverbUS /mætʃ/

be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?

midstnounUS /mɪdst/

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Nay, said Sir Beaumains, I will not turn again an they were six more.

mornnounUS /mɔːrn/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

NayexclamationUS /neɪ/

an old word for “no”

From this reading Nay, said Sir Beaumains, I will not turn again an they were six more.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Nay, said Sir Beaumains, I will not turn again an they were six more.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

rushedadjectiveUS /rʌʃt/

done under pressure

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?

sayest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Nay, said Sir Beaumains, I will not turn again an they were six more.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Nay, said Sir Beaumains, I will not turn again an they were six more.

smote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

spearsnounUS /spɪrz/

plural of “spear” — a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

swordsnounUS /sɔːrdz/

plural of “sword” — a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

thankedverbUS /θæŋkt/

past form of “thank” — express gratitude or show appreciation to

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

therewithaladverb

together with all that; besides

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading And therewithal he rushed into the water, and in midst of the water either brake their spears upon other to their hands, and then they drew their swords, and smote eagerly at other.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading And on the morn the damosel and he took their leave and thanked the knight, and so departed, and rode on their way until they came to a great forest.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And there was a great river and but one passage, and there were ready two knights on the farther side to let them the passage.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Nay, said Sir Beaumains, I will not turn again an they were six more.

wiltmodal verbUS /wɪlt/

an old form of “will”, used with “thou”

From this reading What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?

yonderadjectiveUS /ˈjɑːndər/

distant but within sight (“yon” is dialectal)

From this reading What sayest thou, said the damosel, wilt thou match yonder knights or turn again?

Chapter 31 of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1 by Thomas, Sir, -1471 Malory holds 271 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 31 holds 271 sentences of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1 by Thomas, Sir, -1471 Malory exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 271 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1

Common questions about reading Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1 by Thomas, Sir, -1471 Malory on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 6022 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1251 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1251, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1 take to read?

About 501 minutes of reading across 1205 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1 section by section

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Vocabulary met early in Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Igraine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Departing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Suddenly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Again
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.