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Learning and Other Essays
Learning and Other Essays

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Learning and Other Essays is here in full — 440 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
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In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.
The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.
To him, they are fables, to him they are foolishness.
The parent of our college lad is a farmer compared to the parent of the European lad.
The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Learning and Other Essays

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Learning and Other Essays is here in full — 440 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.
/ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ðə prəˈfeʃənəl ənd ˈbɪznəs ˈklæsəz ɪn əˈmerəkə duː nɑːt siː ˈeni pɔɪnt ɪn ˈpeɪɪŋ ˈsæləriz tuː prəˈfesərz huː ɑːr tuː meɪk riˈsɜːrtʃɪz ɔːr raɪt bʊks ɔːr θɪŋk ˈbjuːtəfəl θɔːts/
Line 2
The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.
Line 3
To him, they are fables, to him they are foolishness.
/tuː hɪm ðeɪ ɑːr ˈfeɪbəlz tuː hɪm ðeɪ ɑːr ˈfuːlɪʃnəs/
Line 4
The parent of our college lad is a farmer compared to the parent of the European lad.
/ðə ˈperənt ʌv ˈaʊər ˈkɑːlɪdʒ læd ɪz ə ˈfɑːrmər kəmˈperd tuː ðə ˈperənt ʌv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiːən læd/
Line 5
The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

enlightenment noun US /ˌenˈlaɪtənmənt/

education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge

From this reading “The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.”

fables noun US /ˈfeɪbəlz/

plural of “fable” — a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading “To him, they are fables, to him they are foolishness.”

illumination noun US /ˌɪluːməˈneɪʃən/

a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination

From this reading “The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.”

inkling noun US /ˈɪŋklɪŋ/

a slight suggestion or vague understanding

From this reading “The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.”

professors noun US /prəˈfesərz/

plural of “professor” — someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading “In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.”

researches noun US /riˈsɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “research” — systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading “In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.”

salaries noun US /ˈsæləriz/

plural of “salary” — something that remunerates

From this reading “In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.”

sheds noun US /ʃedz/

plural of “shed” — an outbuilding with a single story; used for shelter or storage

From this reading “The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

write books verb + noun

In this reading “In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.”

same way adjective + noun

In this reading “In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.”

very existence adjective + noun

In this reading “The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.”

comes over verb + particle counted as “come over”

communicate the intended meaning or impression

In this reading “The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.”

change in verb + particle

In this reading “The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

averageadjectiveUS /ˈævərɪdʒ/

approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

citizennounUS /ˈsɪtəzən/

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

collegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading The parent of our college lad is a farmer compared to the parent of the European lad.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading The parent of our college lad is a farmer compared to the parent of the European lad.

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

eminentadjectiveUS /ˈemənənt/

standing above others in quality or position

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

enlightenedadjectiveUS /ˌenˈlaɪtənd/

having knowledge and spiritual insight

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

enlightenmentnounUS /ˌenˈlaɪtənmənt/

education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading The parent of our college lad is a farmer compared to the parent of the European lad.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

fablesnounUS /ˈfeɪbəlz/

plural of “fable” — a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading To him, they are fables, to him they are foolishness.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

farmernounUS /ˈfɑːrmər/

a person who operates a farm

From this reading The parent of our college lad is a farmer compared to the parent of the European lad.

foolishnessnounUS /ˈfuːlɪʃnəs/

the trait of acting stupidly or rashly

From this reading To him, they are fables, to him they are foolishness.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

idealsnounUS /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

illuminationnounUS /ˌɪluːməˈneɪʃən/

a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

inklingnounUS /ˈɪŋklɪŋ/

a slight suggestion or vague understanding

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The parent of our college lad is a farmer compared to the parent of the European lad.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

kennounUS /ken/

range of what one can know or understand

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

ladnounUS /læd/

a boy or man

From this reading The parent of our college lad is a farmer compared to the parent of the European lad.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The parent of our college lad is a farmer compared to the parent of the European lad.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

parentnounUS /ˈperənt/

a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading The parent of our college lad is a farmer compared to the parent of the European lad.

payingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪɪŋ/

yielding a fair profit

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

professionaladjectiveUS /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

professorsnounUS /prəˈfesərz/

plural of “professor” — someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

regardsnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdz/

plural of “regard” — (usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

researchesnounUS /riˈsɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “research” — systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

salariesnounUS /ˈsæləriz/

plural of “salary” — something that remunerates

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

scholarnounUS /ˈskɒl.ər/

A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

shedsnounUS /ʃedz/

plural of “shed” — an outbuilding with a single story; used for shelter or storage

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To him, they are fables, to him they are foolishness.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading In the same way, the professional and business classes in America do not see any point in paying salaries to professors who are to make researches, or write books, or think beautiful thoughts.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The American parent regards himself as an enlightened being--yet he has not, in these matters, an inkling of what enlightenment is.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The influence which an eminent man sheds about him by his very existence, the change in tone that comes over a rude person through his once seeing the face of a scholar, the illumination of a young character through contact with its own ideals--such things are beyond the ken of the average American citizen to-day.

Chapter 2 of Learning and Other Essays by John Jay Chapman holds 440 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Learning and Other Essays contain?

Chapter 2 holds 440 sentences of Learning and Other Essays, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Learning and Other Essays by John Jay Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 440 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Learning and Other Essays?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Learning and Other Essays

Common questions about reading Learning and Other Essays by John Jay Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Learning and Other Essays?

Yes. All 2259 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66522 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Learning and Other Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66522, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Learning and Other Essays take to read?

About 188 minutes of reading across 452 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Learning and Other Essays section by section

How to work through Learning and Other Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Learning and Other Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Learning and Other Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Electrotyped
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Learning and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Maple
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Learning and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Press
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Learning and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Expert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Learning and Other Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.