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Leaves of Grass
Leaves of Grass

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Leaves of Grass is here in full — 80 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Leaves of Grass
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d
When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.
Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.
O powerful western fallen star!
O shades of night--O moody, tearful night!
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Leaves of Grass

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Leaves of Grass is here in full — 80 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d
Line 2
When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.
Line 3
Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.
Line 4
O powerful western fallen star!
/oʊ ˈpaʊərfəl ˈwestərn ˈfɑːlən stɑːr/
Line 5
O shades of night--O moody, tearful night!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blooming noun US /ˈbluːmɪŋ/

the organic process of bearing flowers

From this reading “Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.”

Lilac noun US /ˈlaɪlæk/

any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers

From this reading “Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.”

lilacs noun US /ˈlaɪlæks/

plural of “lilac” — any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers

From this reading “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”

moody noun US /ˈmuːdi/

United States tennis player who dominated women's tennis in the 1920s and 1930s (1905-1998)

From this reading “O shades of night--O moody, tearful night!”

mourn verb US /mɔːrn/

feel sadness

From this reading “When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.”

perennial adjective US /pərˈeniəl/

lasting three seasons or more

From this reading “Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.”

tearful adjective US /ˈtɪrfəl/

filled with or marked by tears

From this reading “O shades of night--O moody, tearful night!”

trinity noun US /ˈtrɪnəti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading “Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.”

All words in this reading · 44

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

Bloom'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

bloomingnounUS /ˈbluːmɪŋ/

the organic process of bearing flowers

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

Dooryardnoun

a yard outside the front or rear door of a house

From this reading When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

droop'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

droopingadjectiveUS /ˈdruːpɪŋ/

weak from exhaustion

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

ever-returning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading O powerful western fallen star!

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

LastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

LilacnounUS /ˈlaɪlæk/

any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

LilacsnounUS /ˈlaɪlæks/

plural of “lilac” — any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers

From this reading When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

moodynounUS /ˈmuːdi/

United States tennis player who dominated women's tennis in the 1920s and 1930s (1905-1998)

From this reading O shades of night--O moody, tearful night!

mournverbUS /mɔːrn/

feel sadness

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

mourn'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading O powerful western fallen star!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

perennialadjectiveUS /pərˈeniəl/

lasting three seasons or more

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading O powerful western fallen star!

shadesnounUS /ʃeɪdz/

(plural) something that reminds you of someone or something

From this reading O shades of night--O moody, tearful night!

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

starnounUS /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

tearfuladjectiveUS /ˈtɪrfəl/

filled with or marked by tears

From this reading O shades of night--O moody, tearful night!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

trinitynounUS /ˈtrɪnəti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading When lilacs last in the dooryard bloom’d, And the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night, I mourn’d, and yet shall mourn with ever-returning spring.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Ever-returning spring, trinity sure to me you bring, Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west, And thought of him I love.

Chapter 22 of Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman holds 80 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Leaves of Grass contain?

Chapter 22 holds 80 sentences of Leaves of Grass, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 80 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Leaves of Grass?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Leaves of Grass

Common questions about reading Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Leaves of Grass?

Yes. All 4156 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1322 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Leaves of Grass is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1322, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Leaves of Grass take to read?

About 346 minutes of reading across 832 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Leaves of Grass section by section

How to work through Leaves of Grass section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 34 chapters of Leaves of Grass to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Leaves of Grass

Words and structures a reader meets early in Leaves of Grass, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

S-self
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Leaves of Grass; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Simple
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Leaves of Grass; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Separate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Leaves of Grass; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Person
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Leaves of Grass; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.