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Lectures and biographical sketches
Lectures and biographical sketches

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Lectures and biographical sketches is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Lectures and biographical sketches
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.
I have exhausted your patience, and I have only begun.
I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.
Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.
In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lectures and biographical sketches

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Lectures and biographical sketches is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.
/bʌt ˈdʒentəlmɪn ðer ɪz ˈpleɪnli noʊ end tuː ðiːz ɪkˈspænʃənz/
Line 2
I have exhausted your patience, and I have only begun.
/aɪ hæv ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd jɔːr ˈpeɪʃəns ənd aɪ hæv ˈoʊnli bɪˈɡʌn/
Line 3
I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.
Line 4
Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.
Line 5
In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adhered verb US /ædˈhɪrd/

past form of “adhere” — be compatible or in accordance with

From this reading “I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.”

confining adjective US /kənˈfaɪnɪŋ/

restricting the scope or freedom of action

From this reading “I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.”

dwells verb US /dwelz/

third-person singular of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading “In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.”

expansions noun US /ɪkˈspænʃənz/

plural of “expansion” — the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope

From this reading “But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.”

piety noun US /ˈpaɪəti/

righteousness by virtue of being pious

From this reading “In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.”

subdue verb US /səbˈduː/

put down by force or intimidation

From this reading “Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.”

subordinate adjective US /səˈbɔːrdəneɪt/

lower in rank or importance

From this reading “Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.”

topic noun US /ˈtɑːpɪk/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading “I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

many things adjective + noun

In this reading “I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.”

much more adverb + adjective

In this reading “Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.”

much easier adverb + adjective counted as “much easy”

In this reading “I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.”

like manner verb + noun

In this reading “In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

adheredverbUS /ædˈhɪrd/

past form of “adhere” — be compatible or in accordance with

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I have exhausted your patience, and I have only begun.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading I have exhausted your patience, and I have only begun.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

confiningadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnɪŋ/

restricting the scope or freedom of action

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

copynounUS /ˈkɑːpi/

a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

driftverbUS /drɪft/

be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

dwellsverbUS /dwelz/

third-person singular of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

easieradjectiveUS /ˈiːziər/

comparative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

EternaladjectiveUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

exhaustedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading I have exhausted your patience, and I have only begun.

expansionsnounUS /ɪkˈspænʃənz/

plural of “expansion” — the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope

From this reading But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.

explainverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪn/

make plain and comprehensible

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have exhausted your patience, and I have only begun.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

highlyadverbUS /ˈhaɪli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have exhausted your patience, and I have only begun.

illustrationnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

infinitelyadverbUS /ˈɪnfənətli/

without bounds

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

lightlyadverbUS /ˈlaɪtli/

without good reason

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading I have exhausted your patience, and I have only begun.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

patiencenounUS /ˈpeɪʃəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading I have exhausted your patience, and I have only begun.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

pietynounUS /ˈpaɪəti/

righteousness by virtue of being pious

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

plainlyadverbUS /ˈpleɪnli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.

proudlyadverbUS /ˈpraʊdli/

with pride; in a proud manner

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

scholarnounUS /ˈskɒl.ər/

A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

SpiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

subdueverbUS /səbˈduː/

put down by force or intimidation

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

subordinateadjectiveUS /səˈbɔːrdəneɪt/

lower in rank or importance

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But, gentlemen, there is plainly no end to these expansions.

topicnounUS /ˈtɑːpɪk/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

unexpressedadjective

not made explicit

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

wiselier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I had perhaps wiselier adhered to my first purpose of confining my illustration to a single topic, but it is so much easier to say many things than to explain one.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In like manner he is to hold lightly every tradition, every opinion, every person, out of his piety to that Eternal Spirit which dwells unexpressed with him.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Well, you will see the drift of all my thoughts, this namely--that the scholar must be much more than a scholar, that his ends give value to every means, but he is to subdue and keep down his methods; that his use of books is occasional, and infinitely subordinate; that he should read a little proudly, as one who knows the original, and cannot therefore very highly value the copy.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I have exhausted your patience, and I have only begun.

Chapter 7 of Lectures and biographical sketches by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 414 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Lectures and biographical sketches contain?

Chapter 7 holds 414 sentences of Lectures and biographical sketches, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Lectures and biographical sketches by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 414 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Lectures and biographical sketches?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lectures and biographical sketches

Common questions about reading Lectures and biographical sketches by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lectures and biographical sketches?

Yes. All 4132 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75942 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lectures and biographical sketches is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75942, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lectures and biographical sketches take to read?

About 344 minutes of reading across 827 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lectures and biographical sketches section by section

How to work through Lectures and biographical sketches section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lectures and biographical sketches

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lectures and biographical sketches, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pieces
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Included
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.