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Lectures and biographical sketches
Lectures and biographical sketches

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Lectures and biographical sketches is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.
It was ever the will and not the phrase that concerned her.
Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.
But they were intensely true when first spoken.
All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lectures and biographical sketches

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Lectures and biographical sketches is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.
/hɜːr wɪt wɑːz soʊ ˈfɜːrtəl ənd ˈoʊnli juːzd tuː straɪk ðæt ʃiː ˈnevər juːzd ɪt fɔːr dɪˈspleɪ ˈeni mɔːr ðæn ə wɑːsp wʊd pərˈeɪd hɪz stɪŋ/
Line 2
It was ever the will and not the phrase that concerned her.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈevər ðə wɪl ənd nɑːt ðə freɪz ðæt kənˈsɜːrnd hɜːr/
Line 3
Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.
Line 4
But they were intensely true when first spoken.
/bʌt ðeɪ wɜːr ˌɪnˈtensli truː wen fɜːrst ˈspoʊkən/
Line 5
All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.
/ɔːl hɜːr ˈlæŋɡwədʒ wɑːz ˈhæpi bʌt ˌɪˈnɪmətəbəl ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbəl baɪ ˈtælənt æz ɪf kɑːt frʌm sʌm driːm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

fertile adjective US /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading “Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.”

inimitable adjective US /ˌɪˈnɪmətəbəl/

defying imitation; matchless

From this reading “All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.”

memorable adjective US /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading “Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.”

recurred verb US /riˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “recur” — happen or occur again

From this reading “Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.”

sting verb US /stɪŋ/

cause a sharp or stinging pain or discomfort

From this reading “Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.”

unattainable adjective US /ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbəl/

impossible to achieve

From this reading “All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.”

vindicate verb US /ˈvɪndəkeɪt/

show to be right by providing justification or proof

From this reading “Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.”

wasp noun US /wɑːsp/

a white person of Anglo-Saxon ancestry who belongs to a Protestant denomination

From this reading “Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

never used adverb + adjective

In this reading “Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But they were intensely true when first spoken.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading It was ever the will and not the phrase that concerned her.

displaynounUS /dɪˈspleɪ/

something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

dreamnounUS /driːm/

A series of thoughts, images, or emotions during sleep.

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading It was ever the will and not the phrase that concerned her.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

expressionsnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

fertileadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading But they were intensely true when first spoken.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

inimitableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnɪmətəbəl/

defying imitation; matchless

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

intenselyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈtensli/

to a high degree; extremely; in high concentration or density

From this reading But they were intensely true when first spoken.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

memorableadjectiveUS /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was ever the will and not the phrase that concerned her.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

paradenounUS /pərˈeɪd/

a ceremonial procession including people marching

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

phrasenounUS /freɪz/

an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence

From this reading It was ever the will and not the phrase that concerned her.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

recurredverbUS /riˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “recur” — happen or occur again

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading But they were intensely true when first spoken.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

stingverbUS /stɪŋ/

cause a sharp or stinging pain or discomfort

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

talentnounUS /ˈtælənt/

natural abilities or qualities

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was ever the will and not the phrase that concerned her.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading But they were intensely true when first spoken.

unattainableadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbəl/

impossible to achieve

From this reading All her language was happy, but inimitable, unattainable by talent, as if caught from some dream.

UnclenounUS /ˈʌŋkəl/

the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

vindicateverbUS /ˈvɪndəkeɪt/

show to be right by providing justification or proof

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

waspnounUS /wɑːsp/

a white person of Anglo-Saxon ancestry who belongs to a Protestant denomination

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But they were intensely true when first spoken.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It was ever the will and not the phrase that concerned her.

witnounUS /wɪt/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Her wit was so fertile, and only used to strike, that she never used it for display, any more than a wasp would parade his sting.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet certain expressions, when they marked a memorable state of mind in her experience, recurred to her afterwards, and she would vindicate herself as having said to Dr. R---- or Uncle L---- so and so, at such a period of her life.

Chapter 9 of Lectures and biographical sketches by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 402 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Lectures and biographical sketches contain?

Chapter 9 holds 402 sentences of Lectures and biographical sketches, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Lectures and biographical sketches by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 402 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Lectures and biographical sketches?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lectures and biographical sketches

Common questions about reading Lectures and biographical sketches by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lectures and biographical sketches?

Yes. All 4132 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75942 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lectures and biographical sketches is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75942, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lectures and biographical sketches take to read?

About 344 minutes of reading across 827 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Lectures and biographical sketches section by section

How to work through Lectures and biographical sketches section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Lectures and biographical sketches to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Lectures and biographical sketches

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lectures and biographical sketches, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pieces
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Included
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.