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Lectures and biographical sketches
Lectures and biographical sketches

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Lectures and biographical sketches is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.
He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:
“When the oaks are in the gray, Then, farmers, plant away.”
But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.
Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Lectures and biographical sketches

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Lectures and biographical sketches is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.
/ðer wɑːz noʊ ˈeləɡəns ɪn hɪz ˈriːdɪŋ ɔːr teɪsts bɪˈɑːnd ðə ˈkrɪstəl ˈklɪrnəs ʌv hɪz maɪnd/
Line 2
He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:
/hiː hæd noʊ lʌv ʌv ˈpoʊətri ənd aɪ hæv hɜːrd ðæt ðə ˈoʊnli vɜːrs ðæt hiː wɑːz ˈevər noʊn tuː kwoʊt wɑːz ðə ˈɪndiən ruːl/
Line 3
“When the oaks are in the gray, Then, farmers, plant away.”
/wen ðə oʊks ɑːr ɪn ðə ɡreɪ ðen ˈfɑːrmərz plænt əˈweɪ/
Line 4
But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.
Line 5
Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.
/pərˈfekt ɪn hɪz ˈpraɪvət laɪf ðə ˈhʌzbənd ˈfɑːðər frend hiː wɑːz səˈvɪr ˈoʊnli wɪð hɪmˈself/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

activities noun US /ækˈtɪvətiz/

plural of “activity” — any specific behavior

From this reading “But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.”

clearness noun US /ˈklɪrnəs/

free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression

From this reading “There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.”

detriment noun US /ˈdetrəmənt/

a damage or loss

From this reading “But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.”

philanthropic adjective US /ˌfɪlənˈθrɑːpɪk/

generous in assistance to the poor

From this reading “But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.”

societies noun US /səˈsaɪətiz/

plural of “society” — an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading “But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.”

Temperance noun US /ˈtempərəns/

the trait of avoiding excesses

From this reading “But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.”

unpaid adjective US /ənˈpeɪd/

not paid

From this reading “But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.”

withdrawal noun US /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/

a retraction of a previously held position

From this reading “But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ever known adverb + adjective

In this reading “He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:”

private life adjective + noun

In this reading “Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.”

strong sense adjective + noun

In this reading “But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

activitiesnounUS /ækˈtɪvətiz/

plural of “activity” — any specific behavior

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “When the oaks are in the gray, Then, farmers, plant away.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading “When the oaks are in the gray, Then, farmers, plant away.”

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

clearnessnounUS /ˈklɪrnəs/

free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

courtsnounUS /kɔːrts/

plural of “court” — an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

crystalnounUS /ˈkrɪstəl/

a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical and having a highly regular atomic structure

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

detrimentnounUS /ˈdetrəmənt/

a damage or loss

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

dropverbUS /drɑːp/

let fall to the ground

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

EducationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

elegancenounUS /ˈeləɡəns/

a refined quality of gracefulness and good taste

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

farmersnounUS /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading “When the oaks are in the gray, Then, farmers, plant away.”

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading “When the oaks are in the gray, Then, farmers, plant away.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

interestsnounUS /ˈɪntrəsts/

plural of “interest” — a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

involvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɑːlvd/

connected by participation or association or use

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

manifestverbUS /ˈmænəfest/

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

oaksnounUS /oʊks/

plural of “oak” — the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading “When the oaks are in the gray, Then, farmers, plant away.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

PeacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

PerfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.

philanthropicadjectiveUS /ˌfɪlənˈθrɑːpɪk/

generous in assistance to the poor

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

plantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading “When the oaks are in the gray, Then, farmers, plant away.”

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

quoteverbUS /kwoʊt/

repeat a passage from

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

SchoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

self-dedication

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

servicesnounUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəz/

performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.

societiesnounUS /səˈsaɪətiz/

plural of “society” — an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

speciallyadverbUS /ˈspeʃəli/

in a special manner

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

tastesnounUS /teɪsts/

plural of “taste” — the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

TemperancenounUS /ˈtempərəns/

the trait of avoiding excesses

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading “When the oaks are in the gray, Then, farmers, plant away.”

thenceforward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

unpaidadjectiveUS /ənˈpeɪd/

not paid

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

urgedverbUS /ɜːrdʒd/

past form of “urge” — force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading He had no love of poetry; and I have heard that the only verse that he was ever known to quote was the Indian rule:

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was no elegance in his reading or tastes beyond the crystal clearness of his mind.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading “When the oaks are in the gray, Then, farmers, plant away.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Perfect in his private life, the husband, father, friend, he was severe only with himself.

withdrawalnounUS /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/

a retraction of a previously held position

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading But I find an elegance in his quiet but firm withdrawal from all business in the courts which he could drop without manifest detriment to the interests involved (and this when in his best strength), and his self-dedication thenceforward to unpaid services of the Temperance and Peace and other philanthropic societies, the Sunday Schools, the cause of Education, and specially of the University, and to such political activities as a strong sense of duty and the love of order and of freedom urged him to forward.

Chapter 10 of Lectures and biographical sketches by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 410 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Lectures and biographical sketches contain?

Chapter 10 holds 410 sentences of Lectures and biographical sketches, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Lectures and biographical sketches by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 410 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Lectures and biographical sketches?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Lectures and biographical sketches

Common questions about reading Lectures and biographical sketches by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Lectures and biographical sketches?

Yes. All 4132 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75942 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Lectures and biographical sketches is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75942, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Lectures and biographical sketches take to read?

About 344 minutes of reading across 827 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Lectures and biographical sketches

Words and structures a reader meets early in Lectures and biographical sketches, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pieces
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Included
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Lectures and biographical sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.