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Left to Ourselves
Left to Ourselves

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Left to Ourselves is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Left to Ourselves
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.
Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.
At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.
I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.
They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Left to Ourselves

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Left to Ourselves is here in full — 94 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.
/ðə ˈɡoʊldən ɔɪl æn ˈæləɡɔːri aɪ fel əˈsliːp ənd driːmd/
Line 2
Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.
/bɪˈfɔːr miː spred aʊt ˈvɜːrdənt fiːldz ˈpɪktʃərəsk ˈvɪlədʒəz ˈvæliz ʌv piːs ənd ˈplenti ˈsɪtiz ʌv ker ənd tɔɪl ðə waɪd ˈoʊʃən ˈrestləsli ˈtɔːsɪŋ ðə ˈmaʊntən ber ənd ˈrʌɡəd/
Line 3
At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.
Line 4
I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.
/aɪ wɑːz əˈperəntli æt ə ɡreɪt ˈdɪstəns frʌm ðem ənd kʊd nɑːt wel ˌʌndərˈstænd wʌt ðeɪ dɪd nɔːr kʊd aɪ hiːr wʌt ðeɪ sed/
Line 5
They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allegory noun US /ˈæləɡɔːri/

a short moral story (often with animal characters)

From this reading “_THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.”

pitifully adverb US /ˈpɪtɪfəli/

to a pitiful degree

From this reading “They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.”

restlessly adverb US /ˈrestləsli/

in a restless manner

From this reading “Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.”

threes noun US /θriːz/

plural of “three” — the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading “They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.”

tossing verb US /ˈtɔːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading “Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.”

trifles noun US /ˈtraɪfəlz/

plural of “trifle” — a cold pudding made of layers of sponge cake spread with fruit or jelly; may be decorated with nuts, cream, or chocolate

From this reading “They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.”

twos noun US /tuːz/

plural of “two” — the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading “They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.”

verdant adjective US /ˈvɜːrdənt/

characterized by abundance of verdure

From this reading “Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fell asleep verb + adjective

In this reading “_THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.”

wide ocean adjective + noun

In this reading “Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.”

spread out verb + adjective

move outward

In this reading “Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.”

great distance adjective + noun

In this reading “I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

ALLEGORYnounUS /ˈæləɡɔːri/

a short moral story (often with animal characters)

From this reading _THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.

amusementnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənt/

a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading _THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading _THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

cryingadjectiveUS /ˈkraɪɪŋ/

demanding attention

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

dreamedadjectiveUS /driːmd/

conceived of or imagined or hoped for

From this reading _THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.

eagerlyadverbUS /ˈiːɡərli/

with eagerness; in an eager manner

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading _THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

fro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

GOLDENadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading _THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading _THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

loudlyadverbUS /ˈlaʊdli/

with relatively high volume

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

oceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

OILnounUS /ɔɪl/

A viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, stored in large earthen jars.

From this reading _THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

perceivedadjectiveUS /pərˈsiːvd/

detected by instinct or inference rather than by recognized perceptual cues

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

picturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

pitifullyadverbUS /ˈpɪtɪfəli/

to a pitiful degree

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

playingnounUS /ˈpleɪɪŋ/

the act of playing a musical instrument

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

quarrelling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

restlesslyadverbUS /ˈrestləsli/

in a restless manner

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

ruggedadjectiveUS /ˈrʌɡəd/

sturdy and strong in constitution or construction; enduring

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _THE GOLDEN OIL: AN ALLEGORY._ I fell asleep and dreamed.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

threesnounUS /θriːz/

plural of “three” — the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

toilverbUS /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

tossingverbUS /ˈtɔːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

triflesnounUS /ˈtraɪfəlz/

plural of “trifle” — a cold pudding made of layers of sponge cake spread with fruit or jelly; may be decorated with nuts, cream, or chocolate

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

twosnounUS /tuːz/

plural of “two” — the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

variedadjectiveUS /ˈverid/

characterized by variety

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

verdantadjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrdənt/

characterized by abundance of verdure

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

villagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading I was apparently at a great distance from them, and could not well understand what they did, nor could I hear what they said.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They appeared to be very busy, often eagerly running or walking; talking together in twos and threes; playing with the trifles which seemed to lie everywhere for their amusement; sometimes two quarrelling loudly over these same trifles, and crying pitifully if they could not have what they wanted.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Before me spread out verdant fields, picturesque villages, valleys of peace and plenty, cities of care and toil, the wide ocean restlessly tossing, the mountain bare and rugged.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At first my eyes seemed heavy with sleep, but after a time I began to see things more clearly, and in all these varied scenes I perceived there were children moving to and fro.

Chapter 10 of Left to Ourselves by Catharine Shaw holds 94 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Left to Ourselves contain?

Chapter 10 holds 94 sentences of Left to Ourselves, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Left to Ourselves by Catharine Shaw exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 94 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Left to Ourselves?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Left to Ourselves

Common questions about reading Left to Ourselves by Catharine Shaw on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Left to Ourselves?

Yes. All 2444 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37606 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Left to Ourselves is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37606, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Left to Ourselves take to read?

About 203 minutes of reading across 489 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Left to Ourselves section by section

How to work through Left to Ourselves section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 23 chapters of Left to Ourselves to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Left to Ourselves

Words and structures a reader meets early in Left to Ourselves, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Headley's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Left to Ourselves; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Promise
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Left to Ourselves; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Left to Ourselves; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alick's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Left to Ourselves; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.