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Left to Themselves
Left to Themselves

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Left to Themselves is here in full — 128 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PRESENT AND FUTURE.
Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?
No, I am quite sure you were not.
For Philip and Gerald happen not to have graduated yet, though they will soon.
Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Left to Themselves

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Left to Themselves is here in full — 128 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PRESENT AND FUTURE.
/ˈprezənt ənd ˈfjuːtʃər/
Line 2
Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?
Line 3
No, I am quite sure you were not.
/noʊ aɪ æm kwaɪt ʃʊr juː wɜːr nɑːt/
Line 4
For Philip and Gerald happen not to have graduated yet, though they will soon.
Line 5
Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

athletics noun US /æθˈletɪks/

an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition

From this reading “Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.”

Columbia noun US /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading “Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?”

commencement noun US /kəˈmensmənt/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading “Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?”

diplomas noun US /dɪˈploʊməz/

plural of “diploma” — a document certifying the successful completion of a course of study

From this reading “Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?”

graduated adjective US /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd/

marked with or divided into degrees

From this reading “Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?”

rattle verb US /ˈrætəl/

make short successive sounds

From this reading “Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?”

senior adjective US /ˈsiːnjər/

older; higher in rank; longer in length of tenure or service

From this reading “Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.”

sophomore noun US /ˈsɑːfmɔːr/

a second-year undergraduate

From this reading “Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

young fellows adjective + noun counted as “young fellow”

In this reading “Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.”

quite sure adverb + adjective

In this reading “No, I am quite sure you were not.”

any thing adjective + noun

In this reading “Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.”

on the stage preposition + article + noun counted as “on … stage”

In this reading “Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?”

rattle of verb + particle

In this reading “Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading No, I am quite sure you were not.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PRESENT AND FUTURE.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

applausenounUS /əˈplɔːz/

a demonstration of approval by clapping the hands together

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

athleticsnounUS /æθˈletɪks/

an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

CollegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

ColumbianounUS /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

commencementnounUS /kəˈmensmənt/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

diplomasnounUS /dɪˈploʊməz/

plural of “diploma” — a document certifying the successful completion of a course of study

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

fellowsnounUS /ˈfeloʊz/

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

FriendlyadjectiveUS /ˈfrendli/

characteristic of or befitting a friend

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

FUTUREadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading PRESENT AND FUTURE.

Gerald

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

graduatedadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd/

marked with or divided into degrees

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

happenverbUS /ˈhæpən/

come to pass

From this reading For Philip and Gerald happen not to have graduated yet, though they will soon.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading For Philip and Gerald happen not to have graduated yet, though they will soon.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading No, I am quite sure you were not.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No, I am quite sure you were not.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading No, I am quite sure you were not.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

pocket-handkerchiefs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

PRESENTverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading PRESENT AND FUTURE.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading No, I am quite sure you were not.

rattleverbUS /ˈrætəl/

make short successive sounds

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

Saxton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

senioradjectiveUS /ˈsiːnjər/

older; higher in rank; longer in length of tenure or service

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading For Philip and Gerald happen not to have graduated yet, though they will soon.

sophomorenounUS /ˈsɑːfmɔːr/

a second-year undergraduate

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading No, I am quite sure you were not.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For Philip and Gerald happen not to have graduated yet, though they will soon.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading For Philip and Gerald happen not to have graduated yet, though they will soon.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For Philip and Gerald happen not to have graduated yet, though they will soon.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

Touchtone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

wide-awakeadjective

fully awake

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading For Philip and Gerald happen not to have graduated yet, though they will soon.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading For Philip and Gerald happen not to have graduated yet, though they will soon.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Friendly reader, were you at a Columbia College commencement, in which Philip Touchtone and Gerald Saxton graduated, amid a great waving of pocket-handkerchiefs and a rattle of applause as the class took their places on the stage for their diplomas?

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Touchtone is a senior this year, and Gerald a sophomore; tall, wide-awake young fellows, both of them well up in their work and their athletics, devoted to their college life and (though they do not say any thing about that) to each other, as well.

Chapter 20 of Left to Themselves by Edward Prime-Stevenson holds 128 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Left to Themselves contain?

Chapter 20 holds 128 sentences of Left to Themselves, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Left to Themselves by Edward Prime-Stevenson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 128 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Left to Themselves?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Left to Themselves

Common questions about reading Left to Themselves by Edward Prime-Stevenson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Left to Themselves?

Yes. All 4254 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57203 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Left to Themselves is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57203, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Left to Themselves take to read?

About 354 minutes of reading across 851 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Left to Themselves section by section

How to work through Left to Themselves section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Left to Themselves to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Left to Themselves

Words and structures a reader meets early in Left to Themselves, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Left to Themselves; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Golden
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Left to Themselves; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Left to Themselves; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cockades
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Left to Themselves; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.