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Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette
Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
STRATEGIC ZIGZAGS.
An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.
It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.
He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.
Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette is here in full — 72 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
STRATEGIC ZIGZAGS.
/strəˈtiːdʒɪk ˈzɪɡzæɡz/
Line 2
An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.
Line 3
It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.
Line 4
He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.
Line 5
Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allude verb US /əˈluːd/

make a more or less disguised reference to

From this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

rebuilding noun US /riˈbɪldɪŋ/

building again

From this reading “Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.”

regrets noun US /rɪˈɡrets/

a polite refusal of an invitation

From this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

religiously adverb US /rɪˈlɪdʒəsli/

by religion

From this reading “Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.”

sprung verb US /sprʌŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

strategic adjective US /strəˈtiːdʒɪk/

relating to or concerned with strategy

From this reading “STRATEGIC ZIGZAGS.”

transformed adjective US /trænˈsfɔːrmd/

given a completely different form or appearance

From this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

zigzags noun US /ˈzɪɡzæɡz/

plural of “zigzag” — an angular shape characterized by sharp turns in alternating directions

From this reading “STRATEGIC ZIGZAGS.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

some extent adjective + noun

In this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

sprung up verb + adjective counted as “spring up”

come into existence; take on form or shape

In this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

carried away verb + particle counted as “carry away”

remove from a certain place, environment, or mental or emotional state; transport into a new location or state

In this reading “Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

absentadjectiveUS /ˈæbsənt/

not being in a specified place

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

alludeverbUS /əˈluːd/

make a more or less disguised reference to

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

birth-place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

demolitions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

mentaladjectiveUS /ˈmentəl/

involving the mind or an intellectual process

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

OwingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

rebuildingnounUS /riˈbɪldɪŋ/

building again

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

regretsnounUS /rɪˈɡrets/

a polite refusal of an invitation

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

religiouslyadverbUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəsli/

by religion

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

sprungverbUS /sprʌŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

STRATEGICadjectiveUS /strəˈtiːdʒɪk/

relating to or concerned with strategy

From this reading STRATEGIC ZIGZAGS.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

transformedadjectiveUS /trænˈsfɔːrmd/

given a completely different form or appearance

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

ZIGZAGSnounUS /ˈzɪɡzæɡz/

plural of “zigzag” — an angular shape characterized by sharp turns in alternating directions

From this reading STRATEGIC ZIGZAGS.

Chapter 21 of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette by Victor Hugo holds 72 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette contain?

Chapter 21 holds 72 sentences of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette by Victor Hugo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 72 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette

Common questions about reading Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette by Victor Hugo on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette?

Yes. All 4643 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #48732 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #48732, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette take to read?

About 386 minutes of reading across 929 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette section by section

How to work through Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette

Words and structures a reader meets early in Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Rables
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Victor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Second
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cosette
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.