Chapter XXXII

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A PROVIDENTIAL PEEP-HOLE.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

in addition

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

a young person of either sex

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

lacking protection or support

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

psychological suffering

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

divisible by two

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

of a conditioned response; caused to die out because of the absence or withdrawal of reinforcement

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

an external body part that projects from the body

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

start firing a weapon

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

and nothing more

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

immediately past

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

not one thing; not anything

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

on one occasion

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

and nothing more

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A PROVIDENTIAL PEEP-HOLE.

A ghost or apparition; a figment of the imagination or a hidden dweller.

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

peculiarly fortunate or appropriate; as if by divine intervention

From this reading A PROVIDENTIAL PEEP-HOLE.

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

plural of “resource” — available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

cut with a saw

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

a fact that has been verified

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

at the time that

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

during the time that

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

which person or people

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.

misery resulting from affliction

From this reading When man has reached the last extremity he has also reached the limit of his resources; and then, woe to the defenceless beings that surround him!

possessive form of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading For, in truth, he who has only seen man's misery has seen nothing, he must see woman's misery; while he who has seen woman's misery has seen nothing, for he must see the misery of the child.

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Work, wages, bread, fire, courage, and food will all fail him at once; the light of day seems extinguished outside, the moral light is extinguished within him.

a late time of life

From this reading Marius had lived for the past five years in poverty, want, and even distress, but he now saw that he had never known what real misery was, and he had just witnessed it; it was the phantom which bad just passed before him.