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Less Than Human
Less Than Human

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Less Than Human is here in full — 344 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Less Than Human
Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A short story by Zoe Blade (C) 2008 Zoe Blade.
Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.
From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.
He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.
I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Less Than Human

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Less Than Human is here in full — 344 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A short story by Zoe Blade (C) 2008 Zoe Blade.
Line 2
Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.
Line 3
From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.
Line 4
He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.
Line 5
I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bookstore noun US /ˈbʊkstɔːr/

a shop where books are sold

From this reading “From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.”

cafe noun US /kəˈfeɪ/

a small restaurant where drinks and snacks are sold

From this reading “He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.”

cardboard noun US /ˈkɑːrdbɔːrd/

a stiff moderately thick paper

From this reading “He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.”

Chancery noun US /ˈtʃænsəri/

a court with jurisdiction in equity

From this reading “He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.”

Derivative noun US /dərˈɪvətɪv/

the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx

From this reading “Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.”

ironic adjective US /aɪˈrɑːnɪk/

humorously sarcastic or mocking

From this reading “I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.”

ponder verb US /ˈpɑːndər/

reflect deeply on a subject

From this reading “I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.”

sipping verb US /ˈsɪpɪŋ/

inflected form of “sip” — drink in sips

From this reading “He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

short story adjective + noun

a prose narrative shorter than a novel

In this reading “A short story by Zoe Blade (C) 2008 Zoe Blade.”

at a table preposition + article + noun counted as “at … table”

In this reading “He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.”

From the roof preposition + article + noun counted as “from … roof”

In this reading “From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

2008

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short story by Zoe Blade (C) 2008 Zoe Blade.

3.0

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A short story by Zoe Blade (C) 2008 Zoe Blade.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

Attribution-Noncommercial-No

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

audiencenounUS /ˈɑːdiəns/

a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

BladenounUS /bleɪd/

especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole

From this reading A short story by Zoe Blade (C) 2008 Zoe Blade.

bookstorenounUS /ˈbʊkstɔːr/

a shop where books are sold

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

boughtverbUS /bɑːt/

inflected form of “buy” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

brieflyadverbUS /ˈbriːfli/

for a short time

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A short story by Zoe Blade (C) 2008 Zoe Blade.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading A short story by Zoe Blade (C) 2008 Zoe Blade.

cafenounUS /kəˈfeɪ/

a small restaurant where drinks and snacks are sold

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

cardboardnounUS /ˈkɑːrdbɔːrd/

a stiff moderately thick paper

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

ChancerynounUS /ˈtʃænsəri/

a court with jurisdiction in equity

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

coffeenounUS /ˈkɑːfi/

a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

CommonsnounUS /ˈkɑːmənz/

a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area

From this reading Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

CreativeadjectiveUS /kriˈeɪtɪv/

having the ability or power to create

From this reading Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

cupnounUS /kʌp/

a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

DerivativenounUS /dərˈɪvətɪv/

the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx

From this reading Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

DistributedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɪbjətəd/

spread out or scattered about or divided up

From this reading Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

FleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

He's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

ironicadjectiveUS /aɪˈrɑːnɪk/

humorously sarcastic or mocking

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

Jon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

LanenounUS /leɪn/

a narrow way or road

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

LicensenounUS /ˈlaɪsəns/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

meetsnounUS /miːts/

plural of “meet” — a meeting at which a number of athletic contests are held

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

ponderverbUS /ˈpɑːndər/

reflect deeply on a subject

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

RussellnounUS /ˈrʌsəl/

United States religious leader who founded the sect that is now called Jehovah's Witnesses (1852-1916)

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading A short story by Zoe Blade (C) 2008 Zoe Blade.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

sippingverbUS /ˈsɪpɪŋ/

inflected form of “sip” — drink in sips

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

specificadjectiveUS /spəˈsɪfɪk/

(sometimes followed by “to”) applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading A short story by Zoe Blade (C) 2008 Zoe Blade.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

targetnounUS /ˈtɑːrɡət/

a reference point to shoot at

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading From the roof of the legal bookstore, I have a clear shot at my target, Jon Russell.

there's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading I briefly ponder how ironic it seems that he's actually bought a drink; it must be for show, although there's no way that he can tell that right now he has a very specific audience.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He's sitting down at a table outside a cafe where Chancery Lane meets Fleet Street, sipping a cardboard cup of coffee.

WorksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

Zoe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A short story by Zoe Blade (C) 2008 Zoe Blade.

Chapter 1 of Less Than Human by Zoë Blade holds 344 sentences, grouped into 69 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Less Than Human contain?

Chapter 1 holds 344 sentences of Less Than Human, unabridged, divided into 69 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Less Than Human by Zoë Blade exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 344 sentences, grouped into 69 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Less Than Human?

Work through the 69 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 69 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Less Than Human

Common questions about reading Less Than Human by Zoë Blade on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Less Than Human?

Yes. All 344 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #29675 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Less Than Human is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #29675, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Less Than Human take to read?

About 28 minutes of reading across 69 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Less Than Human section by section

How to work through Less Than Human section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Less Than Human to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Less Than Human

Words and structures a reader meets early in Less Than Human, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Short
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Less Than Human; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Less Than Human; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Blade
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Less Than Human; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Distributed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Less Than Human; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.