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Letters and social aims
Letters and social aims

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Letters and social aims is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."
HAMILTON.
Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.
The boy liked the drum, the people liked an overpowering jewsharp tune.
Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters and social aims

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Letters and social aims is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."
Line 2
HAMILTON.
/ˈhæməltən/
Line 3
Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.
/ʌv kɔːrs raɪm sɔːrz ənd rɪˈfaɪnz wɪð ðə ɡroʊθ ʌv ðə maɪnd/
Line 4
The boy liked the drum, the people liked an overpowering jewsharp tune.
Line 5
Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.
/ˈleɪtər ðeɪ laɪk tuː trænˈsfɜːr ðæt raɪm tuː laɪf ənd tuː dɪˈtekt ə ˈmelədi æz prɑːmpt ənd pərˈfekt ɪn ðer ˈdeɪli əˈferz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

busk verb US /bʌsk/

play music in a public place and solicit money for it

From this reading “So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."”

deriving noun US /dərˈaɪvɪŋ/

(historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase

From this reading “So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."”

marrow noun US /ˈmeroʊ/

the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones

From this reading “So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."”

overpowering adjective US /ˈoʊvərˈpaʊrɪŋ/

so strong as to be irresistible

From this reading “The boy liked the drum, the people liked an overpowering jewsharp tune.”

refines verb US /rɪˈfaɪnz/

third-person singular of “refine” — improve or perfect by pruning or polishing

From this reading “Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.”

soars noun US /sɔːrz/

plural of “soar” — the act of rising upward into the air

From this reading “Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.”

transfer verb US /trænˈsfɜːr/

transfer somebody to a different position or location of work

From this reading “Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.”

winsome adjective US /ˈwɪnsəm/

charming in a childlike or naive way

From this reading “So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The boy liked the drum, the people liked an overpowering jewsharp tune.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

balladsnounUS /ˈbælədz/

plural of “ballad” — a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

bonnyadjectiveUS /ˈbɑːni/

very pleasing to the eye

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading The boy liked the drum, the people liked an overpowering jewsharp tune.

bridenounUS /braɪd/

a woman who has recently been married

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

BuskverbUS /bʌsk/

play music in a public place and solicit money for it

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

derivingnounUS /dərˈaɪvɪŋ/

(historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

detectverbUS /dɪˈtekt/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

drumnounUS /drʌm/

a musical percussion instrument; usually consists of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched across each end

From this reading The boy liked the drum, the people liked an overpowering jewsharp tune.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.

HAMILTONnounUS /ˈhæməltən/

Irish mathematician (1806-1865)

From this reading HAMILTON.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

jewsharp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The boy liked the drum, the people liked an overpowering jewsharp tune.

LateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

likedadjectiveUS /laɪkt/

found pleasant or attractive; often used as a combining form

From this reading The boy liked the drum, the people liked an overpowering jewsharp tune.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

marrownounUS /ˈmeroʊ/

the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

melodynounUS /ˈmelədi/

a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

noveltynounUS /ˈnɑːvəlti/

originality by virtue of being refreshingly novel

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

overpoweringadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərˈpaʊrɪŋ/

so strong as to be irresistible

From this reading The boy liked the drum, the people liked an overpowering jewsharp tune.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The boy liked the drum, the people liked an overpowering jewsharp tune.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

promptverbUS /prɑːmpt/

give an incentive for action

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

refinesverbUS /rɪˈfaɪnz/

third-person singular of “refine” — improve or perfect by pruning or polishing

From this reading Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.

refrainverbUS /rɪˈfreɪn/

resist doing something

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

rhymenounUS /raɪm/

correspondence in the sounds of two or more lines (especially final sounds)

From this reading Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

skilfullyadverb

with skill

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

soarsnounUS /sɔːrz/

plural of “soar” — the act of rising upward into the air

From this reading Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

songsnounUS /sɔːŋz/

plural of “song” — a short musical composition with words

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

transferverbUS /trænˈsfɜːr/

transfer somebody to a different position or location of work

From this reading Later they like to transfer that rhyme to life, and to detect a melody as prompt and perfect in their daily affairs.

tunenounUS /tuːn/

a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence

From this reading The boy liked the drum, the people liked an overpowering jewsharp tune.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

versesnounUS /ˈvɜːrsəz/

plural of “verse” — literature in metrical form

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

winsomeadjectiveUS /ˈwɪnsəm/

charming in a childlike or naive way

From this reading So in our songs and ballads the refrain skilfully used, and deriving some novelty or better sense in each of many verses:-- "Busk thee, busk thee, my bonny bonny bride, Busk thee, busk thee, my winsome marrow."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Of course rhyme soars and refines with the growth of the mind.

Chapter 2 of Letters and social aims by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 434 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Letters and social aims contain?

Chapter 2 holds 434 sentences of Letters and social aims, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Letters and social aims by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 434 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Letters and social aims?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters and social aims

Common questions about reading Letters and social aims by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters and social aims?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters and social aims is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters and social aims take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Letters and social aims

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters and social aims, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Letters and social aims, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Letters and social aims, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
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