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Letters and social aims
Letters and social aims

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Letters and social aims is here in full — 433 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters and social aims
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.
There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.
And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.
A right speech is not well to be distinguished from action.
Courage to ask questions; courage to expose our ignorance.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters and social aims

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Letters and social aims is here in full — 433 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.
Line 2
There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.
/ðer ɪz ˈnʌθɪŋ ðæt dʌz nɑːt pæs ˈɪntuː ˈlevər ɔːr ˈwepən/
Line 3
And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.
Line 4
A right speech is not well to be distinguished from action.
/ə raɪt spiːtʃ ɪz nɑːt wel tuː biː dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt frʌm ˈækʃən/
Line 5
Courage to ask questions; courage to expose our ignorance.
/ˈkɜːrədʒ tuː æsk ˈkwestʃənz ˈkɜːrədʒ tuː ɪkˈspoʊz ˈaʊər ˈɪɡnərəns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

asses noun US /ˈæsəz/

plural of “ass” — the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on

From this reading “Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.”

avarice noun US /ˈæv.ər.ɪs/

Extreme greed for wealth or material gain.

From this reading “Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.”

choices noun US /ˈtʃɔɪsəz/

plural of “choice” — the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading “And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.”

expose verb US /ɪkˈspoʊz/

expose or make accessible to some action or influence

From this reading “Courage to ask questions; courage to expose our ignorance.”

lever noun US /ˈlevər/

a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum

From this reading “There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.”

oppressed adjective US /əˈprest/

burdened psychologically or mentally

From this reading “And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.”

oppressor noun US /əˈpresər/

a person of authority who subjects others to undue pressures

From this reading “And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.”

trials noun US /ˈtraɪəlz/

plural of “trial” — the act of testing something

From this reading “And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

pass into verb + particle

In this reading “There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A right speech is not well to be distinguished from action.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading A right speech is not well to be distinguished from action.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Courage to ask questions; courage to expose our ignorance.

assesnounUS /ˈæsəz/

plural of “ass” — the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

avaricenounUS /ˈæv.ər.ɪs/

Extreme greed for wealth or material gain.

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A right speech is not well to be distinguished from action.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

choicesnounUS /ˈtʃɔɪsəz/

plural of “choice” — the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

circlesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəlz/

plural of “circle” — ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

CouragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading Courage to ask questions; courage to expose our ignorance.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading A right speech is not well to be distinguished from action.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

exposeverbUS /ɪkˈspoʊz/

expose or make accessible to some action or influence

From this reading Courage to ask questions; courage to expose our ignorance.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A right speech is not well to be distinguished from action.

ignorancenounUS /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading Courage to ask questions; courage to expose our ignorance.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

IntellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

kitchennounUS /ˈkɪtʃən/

a room equipped for preparing meals

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

levernounUS /ˈlevər/

a rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum

From this reading There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.

loadedadjectiveUS /ˈloʊdɪd/

filled with a great quantity

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

luxurynounUS /ˈlʌɡʒəri/

something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

nervenounUS /nɜːrv/

any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

oppressedadjectiveUS /əˈprest/

burdened psychologically or mentally

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

oppressornounUS /əˈpresər/

a person of authority who subjects others to undue pressures

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Courage to ask questions; courage to expose our ignorance.

panniers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.

PoliticsnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

privatest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading Courage to ask questions; courage to expose our ignorance.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading A right speech is not well to be distinguished from action.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading A right speech is not well to be distinguished from action.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

trialsnounUS /ˈtraɪəlz/

plural of “trial” — the act of testing something

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

weaponnounUS /ˈwepən/

any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading There is nothing that does not pass into lever or weapon.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading A right speech is not well to be distinguished from action.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Politics, war, party, luxury, avarice, fashion, are all asses with loaded panniers to serve the kitchen of Intellect, the king.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading And yet there are trials enough of nerve and character, brave choices enough of taking the part of truth and of the oppressed against the oppressor, in privatest circles.

Chapter 3 of Letters and social aims by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 433 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Letters and social aims contain?

Chapter 3 holds 433 sentences of Letters and social aims, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Letters and social aims by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 433 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Letters and social aims?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters and social aims

Common questions about reading Letters and social aims by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters and social aims?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters and social aims is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters and social aims take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters and social aims section by section

How to work through Letters and social aims section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Letters and social aims to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters and social aims

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters and social aims, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Letters and social aims, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Letters and social aims, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Letters and social aims, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.