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Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)
Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 76 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.
Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.
Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.
The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.
The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 76 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.
Line 2
Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.
Line 3
Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.
Line 4
The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.
/ðə ˈmɑːrʃəl lɔːz ʌv ˈɪŋɡlənd ɑːr ðə moʊst ˈbɑːrbərəs wɪtʃ æt ðɪs deɪ ɪɡˈzɪst ɪn ˈjʊrəp/
Line 5
The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barbarous adjective US /ˈbɑːrbərəs/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading “The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.”

court-martial noun US /ˈkɔːrtmɑːrʃəl/

a military court to try members of the armed services who are accused of serious breaches of martial law

From this reading “Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.”

flogging noun US /ˈflɑːɡɪŋ/

beating with a whip or strap or rope as a form of punishment

From this reading “The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.”

impunity noun US /ˌɪmˈpjuːnɪti/

exemption from punishment or loss

From this reading “Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.”

informality noun US /ˌɪnfərˈmælɪti/

a manner that does not take forms and ceremonies seriously

From this reading “Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.”

martial adjective US /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading “Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.”

offender noun US /əˈfendər/

a person who transgresses moral or civil law

From this reading “The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.”

sentenced verb US /ˈsentənst/

past form of “sentence” — pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law

From this reading “The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most barbarous adverb + adjective

In this reading “The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.”

three men noun + noun

In this reading “Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.”

without killing preposition + noun

In this reading “The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.”

stands by verb + particle counted as “stand by”

not act or do anything

In this reading “The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.”

exist in verb + particle

In this reading “The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

advisedadjectiveUS /ædˈvaɪzd/

having the benefit of careful prior consideration or counsel

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.

barbarousadjectiveUS /ˈbɑːrbərəs/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

court-martialnounUS /ˈkɔːrtmɑːrʃəl/

a military court to try members of the armed services who are accused of serious breaches of martial law

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

determineverbUS /dəˈtɜːrmən/

establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

drum-head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

ensuedverbUS /ɪnˈsuːd/

past form of “ensue” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.

executionnounUS /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃən/

putting a condemned person to death

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

flogged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

floggingnounUS /ˈflɑːɡɪŋ/

beating with a whip or strap or rope as a form of punishment

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

GovernornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

hangedverbUS /hæŋd/

past form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

HintsnounUS /hɪnts/

plural of “hint” — an indirect suggestion

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

impunitynounUS /ˌɪmˈpjuːnɪti/

exemption from punishment or loss

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

inflictedverbUS /ˌɪnˈflɪktɪd/

past form of “inflict” — impose something unpleasant

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

informalitynounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmælɪti/

a manner that does not take forms and ceremonies seriously

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

killingnounUS /ˈkɪlɪŋ/

an event that causes someone to die

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

lashesnounUS /ˈlæʃɪz/

plural of “lash” — any of the short curved hairs that grow from the edges of the eyelids

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

LawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

LimitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

MartialadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

MilitaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

modenounUS /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.

NobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

offendernounUS /əˈfendər/

a person who transgresses moral or civil law

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

pulsenounUS /pʌls/

(electronics) a sharp transient wave in the normal electrical state (or a series of such transients)

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

recollectverbUS /ˌrekəˈlekt/

recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

ReformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

sentencenounUS /ˈsentəns/

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

sentencedverbUS /ˈsentənst/

past form of “sentence” — pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

ServicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

surgeonnounUS /ˈsɜːrdʒən/

a physician who specializes in surgery

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

WallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading _Martial Laws of England.—Limited Service advised.—Hints for Military Reform._ The execution of Governor Wall is considered as a great triumph of justice.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The martial laws of England are the most barbarous which at this day exist in Europe.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Had he called a drum-head court-martial, the same sentence might have been inflicted, and the same consequences have ensued, with perfect impunity to himself.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The offender is sometimes sentenced to receive a thousand lashes;—a surgeon stands by to feel his pulse during the execution, and determine how long the flogging can be continued without killing him.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Nobody seems to recollect that he has been hanged, not for having flogged three men to death, but for an informality in the mode of doing it.—Yet this is the true state of the case.

Chapter 8 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) by Robert Southey holds 76 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 8 holds 76 sentences of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) by Robert Southey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 76 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)

Common questions about reading Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) by Robert Southey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)?

Yes. All 1743 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61122 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61122, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) take to read?

About 145 minutes of reading across 349 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) section by section

How to work through Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Manuel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alvarez
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Espriella
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.