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Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)
Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 48 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.
The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.
The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.
The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.
The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) is here in full — 48 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.
Line 2
The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.
Line 3
The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.
/ðə ˈmɪstrəs sɪts æt ðə hed ʌv ðə bɔːrd ənd ˈɑːpəzət tuː hɜːr ðə ˈbɔɪlɪŋ ˈwɔːtər smoʊks ənd sɪŋz ɪn æn ɜːrn ʌv ɪˈtrʌskən ʃeɪp/
Line 4
The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.
Line 5
The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Butchery noun US /ˈbʊtʃəri/

a building where animals are butchered

From this reading “_English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.”

Etruscan noun US /ɪˈtrʌskən/

a native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria; the Etruscans influenced the Romans (who had suppressed them by about 200 BC)

From this reading “The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.”

excels verb US /ɪkˈselz/

third-person singular of “excel” — distinguish oneself

From this reading “The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.”

infusion noun US /ˌɪnˈfjuːʒən/

a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)

From this reading “The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.”

Liquors noun US /ˈlɪkərz/

plural of “liquor” — an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading “_English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.”

porcelain noun US /ˈpɔːrsələn/

ceramic ware made of a more or less translucent ceramic

From this reading “The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.”

smokes noun US /smoʊks/

plural of “smoke” — a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading “The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.”

urn noun US /ɜːrn/

a large vase that usually has a pedestal or feet

From this reading “The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

boiling water noun + noun

In this reading “The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.”

strong enough adjective + noun

In this reading “The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

after-dinner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

AnimalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

bagnounUS /bæɡ/

a flexible container with a single opening

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

beef-steaks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

boilingnounUS /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/

the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

breakfast-table

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

ButcherynounUS /ˈbʊtʃəri/

a building where animals are butchered

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

cheerfuladjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪrfəl/

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

ChinesenounUS /tʃaɪˈniːz/

any of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in China; regarded as dialects of a single language (even though they are mutually unintelligible) because they share an ideographic writing system

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

ClumsyadjectiveUS /ˈklʌmzi/

lacking grace in movement or posture

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

coffeenounUS /ˈkɑːfi/

a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

CrueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

cupsnounUS /kʌps/

plural of “cup” — a small open container usually used for drinking; usually has a handle

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

detestableadjective

offensive to the mind

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

elegancenounUS /ˈeləɡəns/

a refined quality of gracefulness and good taste

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

Englishman's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

EtruscannounUS /ɪˈtrʌskən/

a native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria; the Etruscans influenced the Romans (who had suppressed them by about 200 BC)

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

excelsverbUS /ɪkˈselz/

third-person singular of “excel” — distinguish oneself

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

fabricnounUS /ˈfæbrɪk/

artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

grainnounUS /ɡreɪn/

a relatively small granular particle of a substance

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

imitateverbUS /ˈɪməteɪt/

reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

infusionnounUS /ˌɪnˈfjuːʒən/

a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

JapannounUS /dʒəˈpæn/

a string of more than 3,000 islands to the east of Asia extending 1,300 miles between the Sea of Japan and the western Pacific Ocean

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

killingnounUS /ˈkɪlɪŋ/

an event that causes someone to die

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

LiquorsnounUS /ˈlɪkərz/

plural of “liquor” — an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

LuxuriesnounUS /ˈlʌɡʒəriz/

plural of “luxury” — something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

MannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

manufactorynoun

a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

MealsnounUS /miːlz/

plural of “meal” — the food served and eaten at one time

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

MethodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

mistressnounUS /ˈmɪstrəs/

an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

mixturenounUS /ˈmɪkstʃər/

(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

ornamentverbUS /ˈɔːrnəmənt/

make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

porcelainnounUS /ˈpɔːrsələn/

ceramic ware made of a more or less translucent ceramic

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

rangedverbUS /reɪndʒd/

past form of “range” — change or be different within limits

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

singsverbUS /sɪŋz/

third-person singular of “sing” — deliver by singing

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

sitsverbUS /sɪts/

third-person singular of “sit” — be seated

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

smokesnounUS /smoʊks/

plural of “smoke” — a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

Somerville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

suspendedadjectiveUS /səˈspendɪd/

(of undissolved particles in a fluid) supported or kept from sinking or falling by buoyancy and without apparent attachment

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

TablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

tea-pot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

travellersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

urnnounUS /ɜːrn/

a large vase that usually has a pedestal or feet

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _English Meals.—Clumsy Method of Butchery.—Lord Somerville.—Cruel Manner of killing certain Animals.—Luxuries of the Table.—Liquors._ The English do not eat beef-steaks for breakfast, as lying travellers have told us, nor can I find that it has ever been the custom.

vasenounUS /veɪs/

an open jar of glass or porcelain used as an ornament or to hold flowers

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

waiternounUS /ˈweɪtər/

a person whose occupation is to serve at table (as in a restaurant)

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

washingnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋ/

the work of cleansing (usually with soap and water)

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The mistress sits at the head of the board, and opposite to her the boiling water smokes and sings in an urn of Etruscan shape.

wherein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The coffee is contained in a smaller vase of the same shape, or in a larger kind of tea-pot, wherein the grain is suspended in a bag; but nothing is so detestable as an Englishman’s coffee.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The breakfast-table is a cheerful sight in this country: porcelain of their own manufactory, which excels the Chinese in elegance of form and ornament, is ranged on a Japan waiter, also of the country fabric; for here they imitate every thing.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The washing of our after-dinner cups would make a mixture as good; the infusion is just strong enough to make the water brown and bitter.

Chapter 11 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) by Robert Southey holds 48 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 11 holds 48 sentences of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) by Robert Southey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 48 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)

Common questions about reading Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) by Robert Southey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 1743 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61122 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61122, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) take to read?

About 145 minutes of reading across 349 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) section by section

How to work through Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3) to begin.

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Manuel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alvarez
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Espriella
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 1 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.