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Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)
Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.
You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.
Do not blame me if I disappoint you.
I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.
I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.
Line 2
You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.
Line 3
Do not blame me if I disappoint you.
/duː nɑːt bleɪm miː ɪf aɪ ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt juː/
Line 4
I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.
/aɪ hæv siːn mʌtʃ ənd mɔːr ðæn ˈfɔːrənərz ɑːr ˈjuːʒəwəli ədˈmɪtɪd tuː siː bʌt ɪt hæz bɪn tuː mʌtʃ tuː rɪˈmɛm.bər ɔːr ˌɪnˈdiːd tuː ˌkɑːmpriˈhend ˌsætɪˈsfæktrəli/
Line 5
I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aches noun US /eɪks/

plural of “ache” — a dull persistent (usually moderately intense) pain

From this reading “I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.”

Birmingham noun US /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/

the largest city in Alabama; located in northeastern Alabama

From this reading “_Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.”

Dishonesty noun US /dɪˈsɑːnəsti/

the quality of being dishonest

From this reading “_Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.”

Forgers noun US /ˈfɔːrdʒərz/

plural of “forger” — someone who operates a forge

From this reading “_Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.”

manufactured adjective US /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərd/

produced in a large-scale industrial operation

From this reading “_Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.”

multiplicity noun US /ˌmʌltəˈplɪsɪti/

the property of being multiple

From this reading “I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.”

Riots noun US /ˈraɪəts/

plural of “riot” — a public act of violence by an unruly mob

From this reading “_Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.”

Systematic adjective US /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/

characterized by order and planning

From this reading “_Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

information concerning noun + noun counted as “information concern”

In this reading “You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.”

great orator adjective + noun

In this reading “You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.”

any thing adjective + noun

In this reading “I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.”

Miserable State adjective + noun

In this reading “_Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.”

Excuse for verb + particle

In this reading “_Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.”

famous city adjective + noun

In this reading “You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.”

at the sight preposition + article + noun counted as “at … sight”

In this reading “I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.”

other Place adjective + noun

In this reading “_Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1791

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

7

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

achesnounUS /eɪks/

plural of “ache” — a dull persistent (usually moderately intense) pain

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

AnecdotesnounUS /ˈænəkdoʊts/

plural of “anecdote” — short account of an incident (especially a biographical one)

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

Artificers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

BadadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

BirminghamnounUS /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/

the largest city in Alabama; located in northeastern Alabama

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

blameverbUS /bleɪm/

put or pin the blame on

From this reading Do not blame me if I disappoint you.

BurkenounUS /bɜːrk/

British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

clatternounUS /ˈklætər/

a rattling noise (often produced by rapid movement)

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

Coiners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

comprehendverbUS /ˌkɑːmpriˈhend/

get the meaning of something

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

destinedadjectiveUS /ˈdestɪnd/

headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in “college-bound students”

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

disappointverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt/

fail to meet the hopes or expectations of

From this reading Do not blame me if I disappoint you.

DishonestynounUS /dɪˈsɑːnəsti/

the quality of being dishonest

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

dizzied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

Doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Do not blame me if I disappoint you.

eagernessnounUS /ˈiːɡərnəs/

a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

enginesnounUS /ˈendʒənz/

plural of “engine” — motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

ExcuseverbUS /ɪksˈkjuːs/

accept an excuse for

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

firesnounUS /ˈfaɪərz/

plural of “fire” — the event of something burning (often destructive)

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

foreignersnounUS /ˈfɔːrənərz/

plural of “foreigner” — a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

ForgersnounUS /ˈfɔːrdʒərz/

plural of “forger” — someone who operates a forge

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

giddyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪdi/

having or causing a whirling sensation; liable to falling

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

GuineanounUS /ˈɡɪni/

a former British gold coin worth 21 shillings

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

GunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

hammeringnounUS /ˈhæmərɪŋ/

the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows)

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Do not blame me if I disappoint you.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Do not blame me if I disappoint you.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

infernaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɜːrnəl/

characteristic of or resembling Hell

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

manufacturedadjectiveUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərd/

produced in a large-scale industrial operation

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Do not blame me if I disappoint you.

MiserableadjectiveUS /ˈmɪzərəbəl/

very unhappy; full of misery

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

multiplicitynounUS /ˌmʌltəˈplɪsɪti/

the property of being multiple

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

noisesnounUS /ˈnɔɪzɪz/

plural of “noise” — sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound)

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Do not blame me if I disappoint you.

occupationsnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃənz/

plural of “occupation” — the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

oratornounUS /ˈɔːrətər/

a person who delivers a speech or oration

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

PlacenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

pressesnounUS /ˈpresəz/

plural of “press” — the state of demanding notice or attention

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

RiotsnounUS /ˈraɪəts/

plural of “riot” — a public act of violence by an unruly mob

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

Roguerynoun

reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

satisfactorilyadverbUS /ˌsætɪˈsfæktrəli/

in a satisfactory manner

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

SystematicadjectiveUS /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/

characterized by order and planning

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

ThursdaynounUS /ˈθɜːrzdeɪ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

toy-shop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

TradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading _Birmingham.—Miserable State of the Artificers.—Bad Guns manufactured for the Guinea Trade.—Anecdotes of Systematic Roguery.—Coiners.— Forgers.—Riots in 1791.—More Excuse for Dishonesty here than in any other Place._ Thursday, July 7.—Birmingham.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading I have seen much, and more than foreigners are usually admitted to see; but it has been too much to remember, or indeed to comprehend satisfactorily.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

whirlingnounUS /ˈwɜːrlɪŋ/

the act of rotating in a circle or spiral

From this reading I am still giddy, dizzied with the hammering of presses, the clatter of engines, and the whirling of wheels; my head aches with the multiplicity of infernal noises, and my eyes with the light of infernal fires,——I may add, my heart also, at the sight of so many human beings employed in infernal occupations, and looking as if they were never destined for any thing better.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You will look perhaps with some eagerness for information concerning this famous city, which Burke, the great orator of the English, calls the grand toy-shop of Europe.

Chapter 5 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) by Robert Southey holds 51 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 5 holds 51 sentences of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) by Robert Southey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 51 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)

Common questions about reading Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) by Robert Southey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)?

Yes. All 1896 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61506 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61506, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) take to read?

About 158 minutes of reading across 380 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) section by section

How to work through Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Methodists
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wesley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whitfield
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Different
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.