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Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)
Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) is here in full — 195 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
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_Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.
Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.
These people have always been thus capricious.
Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.
When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) is here in full — 195 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.
Line 2
Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.
/ˈevəri pɑːrt ʌv ðə dres frʌm hed tuː fʊt ˈʌndərɡoʊz sʌtʃ ˈfriːkwənt ˈtʃeɪndʒəz ðæt ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ kɑːˈstuːm ɪz æt ˈprezənt æz ˈtoʊtəli ənˈlaɪk wʌt ɪt wɑːz ˈθɜːrdiː jɪrz əˈɡoʊ æz ɪt ɪz tuː ðə ˈɡriːʃən ɔːr ˈtɜːrkɪʃ ˈhæbət/
Line 3
These people have always been thus capricious.
/ðiːz ˈpiːpəl hæv ˈɔːlweɪz bɪn ðʌs kəˈprɪʃəs/
Line 4
Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.
Line 5
When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

capricious adjective US /kəˈprɪʃəs/

changeable

From this reading “These people have always been thus capricious.”

exaggeration noun US /ɪɡˌzædʒərˈeɪʃən/

extravagant exaggeration

From this reading “_Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.”

Hoops noun US /huːps/

a game played on a court by two opposing teams of 5 players; points are scored by throwing the ball through an elevated horizontal hoop

From this reading “_Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.”

Inventors noun US /ˌɪnˈventərz/

plural of “inventor” — someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading “_Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.”

Pads noun US /pædz/

plural of “pad” — a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge

From this reading “_Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.”

satirist noun US /ˈsætərəst/

a humorist who uses ridicule and irony and sarcasm

From this reading “Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.”

shears noun US /ʃiːrz/

large scissors with strong blades

From this reading “Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.”

undergoes verb US /ˈʌndərɡoʊz/

third-person singular of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading “Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

totally unlike adverb + adjective

In this reading “Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.”

thirty years noun + noun

In this reading “Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.”

first time adjective + noun

In this reading “When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.”

two centuries noun + noun counted as “two century”

In this reading “Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.”

stand here verb + particle

In this reading “Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.”

Change in verb + particle

In this reading “_Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.”

All words in this reading · 132

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

AboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading These people have always been thus capricious.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading These people have always been thus capricious.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

BootsnounUS /buːts/

plural of “boot” — footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

BreechesnounUS /ˈbriːtʃɪz/

(used in the plural) trousers ending above the knee

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

Bustlers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

capricenounUS /kəˈpriːs/

a sudden desire

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

capriciousadjectiveUS /kəˈprɪʃəs/

changeable

From this reading These people have always been thus capricious.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

ChangeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

clothnounUS /klɔːθ/

artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

ColoursnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a distinguishing emblem

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

CostumenounUS /kɑːˈstuːm/

the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

countrymennounUS /ˈkʌntrimɪn/

plural of “countryman” — a man from your own country

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

EnglishmannounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

exaggerationnounUS /ɪɡˌzædʒərˈeɪʃən/

extravagant exaggeration

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

FashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

FashionsnounUS /ˈfæʃənz/

plural of “fashion” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

FemaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

GrecianadjectiveUS /ˈɡriːʃən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Greece or the Greeks or the Greek language

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

Hair-dressing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

half-hour's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading These people have always been thus capricious.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

HoopsnounUS /huːps/

a game played on a court by two opposing teams of 5 players; points are scored by throwing the ball through an elevated horizontal hoop

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

incredibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkredəbəl/

beyond belief or understanding

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

inventionnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃən/

the creation of something in the mind

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

InventorsnounUS /ˌɪnˈventərz/

plural of “inventor” — someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

lacingnoun

a small amount of liquor added to a food or beverage

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

Leathern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

Merry-Thoughts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

MusingnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪŋ/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

nakedadjectiveUS /ˈneɪkəd/

completely unclothed

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

PadsnounUS /pædz/

plural of “pad” — a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading These people have always been thus capricious.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

raimentnoun

especially fine or decorative clothing

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

Rumps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

satiristnounUS /ˈsætərəst/

a humorist who uses ridicule and irony and sarcasm

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

sayingnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

school-boy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

shearsnounUS /ʃiːrz/

large scissors with strong blades

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

ShoesnounUS /ʃuːz/

a particular situation

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

suspectverbUS /səˈspekt/

imagine to be the case or true or probable

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These people have always been thus capricious.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading These people have always been thus capricious.

TightadjectiveUS /taɪt/

closely constrained or constricted or constricting

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

TotalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

totallyadverbUS /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

TurkishadjectiveUS /ˈtɜːrkɪʃ/

of or relating to or characteristic of Turkey or its people or language

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

undergoesverbUS /ˈʌndərɡoʊz/

third-person singular of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

unlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Above two centuries ago a satirist here painted one of his countrymen standing naked, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a piece of cloth in the other, saying I am an Englishman, and naked I stand here, Musing in my mind what raiment I shall wear, For now I will wear this, and now I will wear that, And now I will wear I cannot tell what.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading When J. was a school-boy every body wore leathern breeches, which were made so tight that it was a good half-hour's work to get them on the first time.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Every part of the dress, from head to foot, undergoes such frequent changes, that the English costume is at present as totally unlike what it was thirty years ago, as it is to the Grecian or Turkish habit.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading _Fashion.—Total Change in the English Costume.—Leathern Breeches.— Shoes.—Boots.—Inventors of new Fashions.—Colours.—Female Fashions.— Tight lacing.—Hair-dressing.—Hoops.—Bustlers.—Rumps.—Merry-Thoughts and Pads._ The caprice of fashion in this country would appear incredible to you, if you did not know me too well to suspect me either of invention or exaggeration.

Chapter 17 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) by Robert Southey holds 195 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) contain?

Chapter 17 holds 195 sentences of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3), unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) by Robert Southey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 195 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)

Common questions about reading Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) by Robert Southey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)?

Yes. All 1896 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61506 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61506, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) take to read?

About 158 minutes of reading across 380 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) section by section

How to work through Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Methodists
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wesley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whitfield
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Different
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters from England, Volume 2 (of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.