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Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne
Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne is here in full — 429 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne
Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?
London.
Reeves & Turner 1878.
NOTE.
There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne is here in full — 429 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?
/wer wɜːrt ðaʊ ˈmaɪti ˈmʌðər wen hiː leɪ wen ðaɪ sʌn leɪ pɪrst baɪ ðə ʃæft wɪtʃ flaɪz ɪn ˈdɑːrknəs/
Line 2
London.
/ˈlʌndən/
Line 3
Reeves & Turner 1878.
Line 4
NOTE.
/noʊt/
Line 5
There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.
/ðer ɪz ɡʊd ˈriːzən tuː θɪŋk ðæt ðə ˈleɪdi tuː huːm ðə ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ˈletərz wɜːr əˈdrest dɪd nɑːt təˈwɔːrdz ðə end ʌv hɜːr laɪf rɪˈɡɑːrd ðer ˈʌltəmət ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən æz ənˈlaɪkli ənd ɪt ɪz baɪ hɜːr ˈfæməli ðæt ðeɪ hæv bɪn enˈtrʌstɪd tuː ðə ˈedətər tuː biː ərˈeɪndʒd ənd priˈperd fɔːr ðə pres/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

entrusted verb US /enˈtrʌstɪd/

past form of “entrust” — confer a trust upon

From this reading “There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.”

pierced adjective US /pɪrst/

having a hole cut through

From this reading “Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?”

publication noun US /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading “There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.”

Reeves noun US /riːvz/

plural of “reeve” — female ruff

From this reading “Reeves & Turner 1878.”

Turner noun US /ˈtɜːrnər/

United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia; he was captured and executed (1800-1831)

From this reading “Reeves & Turner 1878.”

ultimate adjective US /ˈʌltəmət/

furthest or highest in degree or order; utmost or extreme

From this reading “There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.”

unlikely adjective US /ənˈlaɪkli/

not likely to be true or to occur or to have occurred

From this reading “There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.”

wert auxiliary verb US /wɜːrt/

an old form of “were”, used with “thou”

From this reading “Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

towards the end preposition + article + noun counted as “towards … end”

In this reading “There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.”

good reason adjective + noun

In this reading “There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1878

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Reeves & Turner 1878.

addressedadjectiveUS /əˈdrest/

(of mail) marked with a destination

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

arrangedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪndʒd/

disposed or placed in a particular kind of order

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

editornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

entrustedverbUS /enˈtrʌstɪd/

past form of “entrust” — confer a trust upon

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

fliesnounUS /flaɪz/

(theater) the space over the stage (out of view of the audience) used to store scenery (drop curtains)

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading London.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

NOTEnounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading NOTE.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

piercedadjectiveUS /pɪrst/

having a hole cut through

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

pressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

publicationnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

ReevesnounUS /riːvz/

plural of “reeve” — female ruff

From this reading Reeves & Turner 1878.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

shaftnounUS /ʃæft/

a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

SonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

TurnernounUS /ˈtɜːrnər/

United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia; he was captured and executed (1800-1831)

From this reading Reeves & Turner 1878.

ultimateadjectiveUS /ˈʌltəmət/

furthest or highest in degree or order; utmost or extreme

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

unlikelyadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪkli/

not likely to be true or to occur or to have occurred

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

wertauxiliary verbUS /wɜːrt/

an old form of “were”, used with “thou”

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Where wert thou mighty Mother, when he lay, When thy Son lay, pierced by the shaft which flies In darkness?

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There is good reason to think that the lady to whom the following letters were addressed did not, towards the end of her life, regard their ultimate publication as unlikely; and it is by her family that they have been entrusted to the editor, to be arranged and prepared for the press.

Chapter 1 of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne by John Keats holds 429 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne contain?

Chapter 1 holds 429 sentences of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne by John Keats exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 429 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne

Common questions about reading Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne by John Keats on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne?

Yes. All 1189 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60433 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60433, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne take to read?

About 99 minutes of reading across 238 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne section by section

How to work through Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Where
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mighty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pierced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.