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Letters, sentences and maxims
Letters, sentences and maxims

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Letters, sentences and maxims is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.
But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.
When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.
In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.
In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters, sentences and maxims

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Letters, sentences and maxims is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.
Line 2
But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.
/bʌt ˈiːvɪn ðen hiː ˌɪnˈherətɪd nʌn ʌv hɪz ˈpaʊər ənd hiː rɪˈmeɪnd aʊt ʌv ðə nuː ˈmɪnɪstriz/
Line 3
When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.
Line 4
In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.
Line 5
In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Chesterfield noun US /ˈtʃestərfiːld/

suave and witty English statesman remembered mostly for letters to his son (1694-1773)

From this reading “Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.”

downfall noun US /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/

failure that results in a loss of position or reputation

From this reading “Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.”

influential adjective US /ˌɪnfluːˈenʃəl/

having or exercising influence or power

From this reading “In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.”

ministries noun US /ˈmɪnɪstriz/

plural of “ministry” — religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading “But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.”

nominal adjective US /ˈnɑːmənəl/

relating to or constituting or bearing or giving a name

From this reading “When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.”

politician noun US /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃən/

a leader engaged in civil administration

From this reading “In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.”

Viceroy noun US /ˈvaɪsrɔɪ/

governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his or her king or sovereign

From this reading “When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.”

Walpole noun US /ˈwɔːlpoʊl/

English writer and historian; son of Sir Robert Walpole (1717-1797)

From this reading “Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ten years noun + noun

In this reading “Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.”

greater degree adjective + noun

In this reading “In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.”

two years noun + noun

In this reading “When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.”

much greater adverb + adjective

In this reading “In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.”

take place verb + noun

come to pass

In this reading “Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.”

own country verb + noun

In this reading “In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.”

In politics preposition + noun

In this reading “In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.”

all times adjective + noun

In this reading “In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1732

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

1742

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

1744

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

1746

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

1748

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

administrationnounUS /ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

afterwardadverbUS /ˈæftərwərd/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

ambassadornounUS /æmˈbæsədər/

a diplomat of the highest rank; accredited as representative from one country to another

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

belongverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.

CabinetnounUS /ˈkæbənət/

a piece of furniture resembling a cupboard with doors and shelves and drawers; for storage or display

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

ceaseverbUS /siːs/

put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

ChesterfieldnounUS /ˈtʃestərfiːld/

suave and witty English statesman remembered mostly for letters to his son (1694-1773)

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

chiefsnounUS /tʃiːfs/

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

cleveradjectiveUS /ˈklevər/

showing self-interest and shrewdness in dealing with others

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

diplomatistnoun

an official engaged in international negotiations

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

downfallnounUS /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/

failure that results in a loss of position or reputation

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

dutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.

far-sightedness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

firmnessnounUS /ˈfɜːrmnəs/

the muscle tone of healthy tissue

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

glimpsesnounUS /ˈɡlɪmpsɪz/

plural of “glimpse” — a quick look

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

Hague

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

honornounUS /ˈɑːnər/

a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

influentialadjectiveUS /ˌɪnfluːˈenʃəl/

having or exercising influence or power

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

inheritedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈherətɪd/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

ministriesnounUS /ˈmɪnɪstriz/

plural of “ministry” — religious ministers collectively (especially Presbyterian)

From this reading But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.

nominaladjectiveUS /ˈnɑːmənəl/

relating to or constituting or bearing or giving a name

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

notedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

oppositionnounUS /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃən/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

patientnounUS /ˈpeɪʃənt/

a person who requires medical care

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

perseverancenounUS /ˌpɝː.səˈvɪr.əns/

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in success. (Sự kiên trì, bền bỉ không bỏ cuộc.)

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

politiciannounUS /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃən/

a leader engaged in civil administration

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

politicsnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

qualitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːlətiz/

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.

SecretarynounUS /ˈsekrəteri/

a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading But even then he inherited none of his power, and he remained out of the new ministries.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

ThrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

ViceroynounUS /ˈvaɪsrɔɪ/

governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his or her king or sovereign

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

WalpolenounUS /ˈwɔːlpoʊl/

English writer and historian; son of Sir Robert Walpole (1717-1797)

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When two years afterward, in 1744, he became one of the administration, first as ambassador to The Hague and Viceroy of Ireland, then as Secretary of State and member of the Cabinet (1746-1748), the honor was more nominal than real.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading In politics he certainly possessed that far-sightedness and those glimpses into the future which belong to very wide intelligence, but he possessed those qualities to a much greater degree than the patient perseverance and constant practical firmness that are so necessary to the members of a government.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading In a word, Lord Chesterfield, at all times a noted politician in his own country, whether as one of the chiefs of the opposition, or as a clever diplomatist, was never a powerful, or even a very influential, minister.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

éclat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thrown with _éclat_ into the opposition, especially from 1732, the time when he had to cease his court duties, Lord Chesterfield worked with all his might for ten years for the downfall of Walpole, which did not take place until 1742.

Chapter 2 of Letters, sentences and maxims by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 407 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Letters, sentences and maxims contain?

Chapter 2 holds 407 sentences of Letters, sentences and maxims, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Letters, sentences and maxims by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 407 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Letters, sentences and maxims?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters, sentences and maxims

Common questions about reading Letters, sentences and maxims by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters, sentences and maxims?

Yes. All 2852 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #69855 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #69855, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters, sentences and maxims take to read?

About 237 minutes of reading across 571 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Letters, sentences and maxims section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters, sentences and maxims

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters, sentences and maxims, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters, sentences and maxims; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Knowledge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters, sentences and maxims; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dangerous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters, sentences and maxims; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters, sentences and maxims; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.