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Letters, sentences and maxims
Letters, sentences and maxims

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Letters, sentences and maxims is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.
Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.
A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.
The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.
[_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters, sentences and maxims

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Letters, sentences and maxims is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.
Line 2
Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.
Line 3
A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.
/ə teɪst ʌv ˈskʌlptʃər ənd ˈpeɪntɪŋ ɪz ɪn maɪ maɪnd æz bɪˈkʌmɪŋ æz ə teɪst ʌv ˈfɪdlɪŋ ənd ˈpaɪpɪŋ ɪz ˌʌnbɪˈkʌmɪŋ ə mæn ʌv ˈfæʃən/
Line 4
The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.
/ðə ˈfɔːrmər ɪz kəˈnektɪd wɪð ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈpoʊətri ðə ˈlætər wɪð ˈnʌθɪŋ ðæt aɪ noʊ ʌv bʌt bæd ˈkʌmpəniː/
Line 5
[_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amiability noun US /ˌeɪmiəˈbɪləti/

a cheerful and agreeable mood

From this reading “[_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.”

concurrence noun US /kənˈkɜːrəns/

agreement of results or opinions

From this reading “[_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.”

excel verb US /ɪkˈsel/

distinguish oneself

From this reading “Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.”

fiddling adjective US /ˈfɪdlɪŋ/

(informal) small and of little importance

From this reading “A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.”

piping noun US /ˈpaɪpɪŋ/

a thin strip of covered cord used to edge hems

From this reading “A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.”

sculpture noun US /ˈskʌlptʃər/

a three-dimensional work of plastic art

From this reading “SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.”

unbecoming adjective US /ˌʌnbɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

not in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society

From this reading “A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.”

unity noun US /ˈjuːnəti/

an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting

From this reading “SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

absolutely necessary adverb + adjective

In this reading “Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.”

liberal arts adjective + noun

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

In this reading “Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.”

bad company adjective + noun

In this reading “The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.”

Same date adjective + noun

In this reading “[_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.”

excel in verb + particle

In this reading “Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.”

into the world preposition + article + noun counted as “into … world”

In this reading “[_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

acquireverbUS /əˈkwaɪər/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

AMIABILITYnounUS /ˌeɪmiəˈbɪləti/

a cheerful and agreeable mood

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.

composeverbUS /kəmˈpoʊz/

form the substance of

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

concurrencenounUS /kənˈkɜːrəns/

agreement of results or opinions

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

declineverbUS /dɪˈklaɪn/

grow worse

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

examineverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

excelverbUS /ɪkˈsel/

distinguish oneself

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.

fiddlingadjectiveUS /ˈfɪdlɪŋ/

(informal) small and of little importance

From this reading A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

groupsnounUS /ɡruːps/

plural of “group” — any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

justlyadverbUS /ˈdʒʌstli/

with honesty

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.

l'amiable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.

liberaladjectiveUS /ˈlɪbɜːrəl/

showing or characterized by broad-mindedness

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

likewiseadverbUS /ˈlaɪkwaɪz/

in like or similar manner

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

livelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪvli/

full of life and energy

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

PAINTINGnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

pipingnounUS /ˈpaɪpɪŋ/

a thin strip of covered cord used to edge hems

From this reading A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading The former is connected with history and poetry; the latter, with nothing that I know of, but bad company.

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

SameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

SCULPTUREnounUS /ˈskʌlptʃər/

a three-dimensional work of plastic art

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

unbecomingadjectiveUS /ˌʌnbɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

not in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society

From this reading A taste of sculpture and painting is, in my mind, as becoming as a taste of fiddling and piping is unbecoming a man of fashion.

unitynounUS /ˈjuːnəti/

an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Sculpture and painting are very justly called liberal arts; a lively and strong imagination, together with a just observation being absolutely necessary to excel in either, which, in my opinion, is by no means the case of music, though called a liberal art, and now in Italy placed even above the other two--a proof of the decline of that country.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.--You will examine, likewise, whether, in their groups there be a unity of action or proper relation; a truth of dress and manners.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading [_Same date._] AMIABILITY.--There is a certain concurrence of various little circumstances, which compose what the French call _l’amiable_; and which, now you are entering into the world, you ought to make it your particular study to acquire.

Chapter 5 of Letters, sentences and maxims by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 413 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Letters, sentences and maxims contain?

Chapter 5 holds 413 sentences of Letters, sentences and maxims, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Letters, sentences and maxims by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 413 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Letters, sentences and maxims?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters, sentences and maxims

Common questions about reading Letters, sentences and maxims by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters, sentences and maxims?

Yes. All 2852 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #69855 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters, sentences and maxims is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #69855, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters, sentences and maxims take to read?

About 237 minutes of reading across 571 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Letters, sentences and maxims section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters, sentences and maxims

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters, sentences and maxims, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters, sentences and maxims; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Knowledge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters, sentences and maxims; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dangerous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters, sentences and maxims; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters, sentences and maxims; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.