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Letters to Dead Authors
Letters to Dead Authors

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Letters to Dead Authors is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!
And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, Abstain!
Abstain!”
And one said, I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”
I never did better in my days,” said Brother John.
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to Dead Authors

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Letters to Dead Authors is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!
Line 2
And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!
/ənd ðeɪ ɔːl ˈrʌʃɪŋ ɑːn ˈbrʌðər dʒɑːn kraɪd aʊt tuː hɪm əbˈsteɪn/
Line 3
Abstain!”
/əbˈsteɪn/
Line 4
And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”
/ənd wʌn sed aɪ hæv wel ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊst ðiː ənd ðaʊ ɑːrt ɪn ə fer weɪ tuː hæv ðə ɡaʊt/
Line 5
I never did better in my days,” said Brother John.
/aɪ ˈnevər dɪd ˈbetər ɪn maɪ deɪz sed ˈbrʌðər dʒɑːn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Abstain verb US /əbˈsteɪn/

refrain from voting

From this reading “And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!”

diagnosed verb US /ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊst/

past form of “diagnose” — determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis

From this reading “And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.””

gout noun US /ɡaʊt/

a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints

From this reading “And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.””

horoscopes noun US /ˈhɔːrəskoʊps/

plural of “horoscope” — a prediction of someone's future based on the relative positions of the planets

From this reading “But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!”

legion noun US /ˈliːdʒən/

archaic terms for army

From this reading “But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!”

microscopes noun US /ˈmaɪkrəskoʊps/

plural of “microscope” — magnifier of the image of small objects

From this reading “But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!”

persecuted verb US /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtɪd/

past form of “persecute” — cause to suffer

From this reading “But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!”

stethoscopes noun US /ˈsteθəskoʊps/

plural of “stethoscope” — a medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body

From this reading “But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

AbstainverbUS /əbˈsteɪn/

refrain from voting

From this reading And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading “I never did better in my days,” said Brother John.

BrothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading “I never did better in my days,” said Brother John.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

diagnosedverbUS /ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊst/

past form of “diagnose” — determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading “I never did better in my days,” said Brother John.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

enginesnounUS /ˈendʒənz/

plural of “engine” — motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

goutnounUS /ɡaʊt/

a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!

horoscopesnounUS /ˈhɔːrəskoʊps/

plural of “horoscope” — a prediction of someone's future based on the relative positions of the planets

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!

laryngoscopes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

legionnounUS /ˈliːdʒən/

archaic terms for army

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

microscopesnounUS /ˈmaɪkrəskoʊps/

plural of “microscope” — magnifier of the image of small objects

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

MonsieurnounUS /məˈsjɜːr/

used as a French courtesy title; equivalent to English “Mr”

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading “I never did better in my days,” said Brother John.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading “I never did better in my days,” said Brother John.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!

persecutedverbUS /ˈpɜːrsəkjuːtɪd/

past form of “persecute” — cause to suffer

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

physiciansnounUS /fəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “physician” — a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

Pourceaugnac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

rushingnounUS /ˈrʌʃɪŋ/

(American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line

From this reading And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

stethoscopesnounUS /ˈsteθəskoʊps/

plural of “stethoscope” — a medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And they all, rushing on Brother John, cried out to him, “Abstain!

toolsnounUS /tuːlz/

plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

weighingnounUS /ˈweɪɪŋ/

careful consideration

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading And one said, “I have well diagnosed thee, and thou art in a fair way to have the gout.”

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But even as he spoke there ran up suddenly a whole legion, or rather army, of physicians, each armed with laryngoscopes, stethoscopes, horoscopes, microscopes, weighing machines, and such other tools, engines, and arms as they had who, after thy time, persecuted Monsieur de Pourceaugnac!

Chapter 4 of Letters to Dead Authors by Andrew Lang holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Letters to Dead Authors contain?

Chapter 4 holds 143 sentences of Letters to Dead Authors, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Letters to Dead Authors by Andrew Lang exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Letters to Dead Authors?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to Dead Authors

Common questions about reading Letters to Dead Authors by Andrew Lang on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to Dead Authors?

Yes. All 1381 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1491 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to Dead Authors is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1491, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to Dead Authors take to read?

About 115 minutes of reading across 277 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to Dead Authors section by section

How to work through Letters to Dead Authors section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Letters to Dead Authors to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to Dead Authors

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to Dead Authors, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to Dead Authors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Longmans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to Dead Authors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Green
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to Dead Authors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to Dead Authors; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.