Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other
Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other is here in full — 34 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other
Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_To_ ANN BORROW.
SPAIN, [_Post-mark February_ 9_th_, 1838.]
As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.
I have been in some difficulties.
I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other is here in full — 34 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_To_ ANN BORROW.
Line 2
SPAIN, [_Post-mark February_ 9_th_, 1838.]
Line 3
As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.
/æz aɪ æm əˈfreɪd ðæt juː meɪ nɑːt hæv rəˈsiːvd maɪ læst ˈletər ɪn ˈkɑːnsəkwəns ʌv ˈsevrəl ˈkɜːriərz ˈhævɪŋ bɪn stɑːpt aɪ raɪt tuː ˌɪnˈfɔːrm juː ðæt aɪ æm kwaɪt wel/
Line 4
I have been in some difficulties.
/aɪ hæv bɪn ɪn sʌm ˈdɪfəkəltiz/
Line 5
I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.
/aɪ wɑːz ˈselɪŋ soʊ ˈmeni ˈtestəmənts ðæt ðə priːsts bɪˈkeɪm əˈlɑːrmd ənd prɪˈveɪld ɑːn ðə ˈɡʌvərmənt tuː pʊt ə stɑːp tuː maɪ ˈselɪŋ ˈeni mɔːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

borrow verb US /ˈbɑːroʊ/

get temporarily

From this reading “_To_ ANN BORROW.”

couriers noun US /ˈkɜːriərz/

plural of “courier” — a person who carries a message

From this reading “As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.”

February noun US /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

inform verb US /ˌɪnˈfɔːrm/

impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading “As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.”

prevailed verb US /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading “I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.”

selling noun US /ˈselɪŋ/

the exchange of goods for an agreed sum of money

From this reading “I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.”

spain noun US /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading “SPAIN, [_Post-mark February_ 9_th_, 1838.]”

Testaments noun US /ˈtestəmənts/

plural of “testament” — a profession of belief

From this reading “I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1838

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SPAIN, [_Post-mark February_ 9_th_, 1838.]

9

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SPAIN, [_Post-mark February_ 9_th_, 1838.]

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

alarmedadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːrmd/

experiencing a sudden sense of danger

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

ANN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _To_ ANN BORROW.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

BORROWverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊ/

get temporarily

From this reading _To_ ANN BORROW.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

couriersnounUS /ˈkɜːriərz/

plural of “courier” — a person who carries a message

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading I have been in some difficulties.

FebruarynounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading SPAIN, [_Post-mark February_ 9_th_, 1838.]

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

informverbUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrm/

impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

Post-mark

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SPAIN, [_Post-mark February_ 9_th_, 1838.]

prevailedverbUS /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

PriestsnounUS /priːsts/

plural of “priest” — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

sellingnounUS /ˈselɪŋ/

the exchange of goods for an agreed sum of money

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading I have been in some difficulties.

SPAINnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading SPAIN, [_Post-mark February_ 9_th_, 1838.]

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

TestamentsnounUS /ˈtestəmənts/

plural of “testament” — a profession of belief

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

thnounUS /ˈtiːˈeɪtʃ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading SPAIN, [_Post-mark February_ 9_th_, 1838.]

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _To_ ANN BORROW.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was selling so many Testaments that the Priests became alarmed, and prevailed on the government to put a stop to my selling any more.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading As I am afraid that you may not have received my last letter in consequence of several couriers having been stopped, I write to inform you that I am quite well.

Chapter 1 of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other by George Borrow holds 34 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other contain?

Chapter 1 holds 34 sentences of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 34 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other

Common questions about reading Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other?

Yes. All 242 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28784 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28784, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other take to read?

About 20 minutes of reading across 49 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other section by section

How to work through Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Borrow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Post-mark
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
February
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to his mother, Ann Borrow, and other; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.