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Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art
Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON, October 9, O. S.
1747.
DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.
Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.
Receive them with great civility, but with great incredulity too; and pay them with compliments, but not with confidence.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, October 9, O. S.
Line 2
1747.
Line 3
DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.
/dɪr bɔɪ ˈpiːpəl ʌv jɔːr eɪdʒ hæv ˈkɑːmənli æn ənˈɡɑːrdɪd ˈfræŋknəs əˈbaʊt ðem wɪtʃ meɪks ðem ðə ˈiːzi preɪ ənd ˈbʌbəlz ʌv ðə ˈɑːrtfəl ənd ðə ɪkˈspɪriənst ðeɪ lʊk əˈpɑːn ˈevəri neɪv ɔːr fuːl huː telz ðem ðæt hiː ɪz ðer frend tuː biː ˈrɪli soʊ ənd peɪ ðæt prəˈfeʃən ʌv ˈsɪmjəleɪtɪd ˈfrendʃɪp wɪð æn ˌɪndɪˈskriːt ənd ənˈbaʊndɪd ˈkɑːnfədəns ˈɔːlweɪz tuː ðer lɔːs ˈɔːfən tuː ðer ˈruːən/
Line 4
Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.
/bɪˈwer ˈðerfɔːr naʊ ðæt juː ɑːr ˈkʌmɪŋ ˈɪntuː ðə wɜːrld ʌv ðiːz prəˈfɜːrd ˈfrendʃɪps/
Line 5
Receive them with great civility, but with great incredulity too; and pay them with compliments, but not with confidence.
/rəˈsiːv ðem wɪð ɡreɪt səˈvɪləti bʌt wɪð ɡreɪt ˌɪnkrəˈduːlɪti tuː ənd peɪ ðem wɪð ˈkɑːmpləments bʌt nɑːt wɪð ˈkɑːnfədəns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

artful adjective US /ˈɑːrtfəl/

not straightforward or candid; giving a false appearance of frankness

From this reading “DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.”

bubbles noun US /ˈbʌbəlz/

plural of “bubble” — a hollow globule of gas (e.g., air or carbon dioxide)

From this reading “DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.”

friendships noun US /ˈfrendʃɪps/

plural of “friendship” — the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading “Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.”

incredulity noun US /ˌɪnkrəˈduːlɪti/

doubt about the truth of something

From this reading “Receive them with great civility, but with great incredulity too; and pay them with compliments, but not with confidence.”

indiscreet adjective US /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

lacking discretion; injudicious

From this reading “DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.”

simulated adjective US /ˈsɪmjəleɪtɪd/

not genuine or real; being an imitation of the genuine article

From this reading “DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.”

unbounded adjective US /ənˈbaʊndɪd/

seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

From this reading “DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.”

unguarded adjective US /ənˈɡɑːrdɪd/

lacking protection or a guard

From this reading “DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1747

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1747.

9

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, October 9, O. S.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.

artfuladjectiveUS /ˈɑːrtfəl/

not straightforward or candid; giving a false appearance of frankness

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

BewareverbUS /bɪˈwer/

be on one's guard; be cautious or wary about; be alert to

From this reading Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.

BOYnounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

bubblesnounUS /ˈbʌbəlz/

plural of “bubble” — a hollow globule of gas (e.g., air or carbon dioxide)

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Receive them with great civility, but with great incredulity too; and pay them with compliments, but not with confidence.

civilitynounUS /səˈvɪləti/

formal or perfunctory politeness

From this reading Receive them with great civility, but with great incredulity too; and pay them with compliments, but not with confidence.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.

commonlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

complimentsnounUS /ˈkɑːmpləments/

(usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare

From this reading Receive them with great civility, but with great incredulity too; and pay them with compliments, but not with confidence.

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

experiencedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

foolnounUS /fuːl/

a person who lacks good judgment

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

franknessnounUS /ˈfræŋknəs/

the quality of being honest and straightforward in attitude and speech

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

friendshipsnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪps/

plural of “friendship” — the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Receive them with great civility, but with great incredulity too; and pay them with compliments, but not with confidence.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

incredulitynounUS /ˌɪnkrəˈduːlɪti/

doubt about the truth of something

From this reading Receive them with great civility, but with great incredulity too; and pay them with compliments, but not with confidence.

indiscreetadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

lacking discretion; injudicious

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

knavenounUS /neɪv/

a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, October 9, O. S.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Receive them with great civility, but with great incredulity too; and pay them with compliments, but not with confidence.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading LONDON, October 9, O. S.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading LONDON, October 9, O. S.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

preferredadjectiveUS /prəˈfɜːrd/

more desirable than another

From this reading Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.

preynounUS /preɪ/

a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

ReceiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading Receive them with great civility, but with great incredulity too; and pay them with compliments, but not with confidence.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading LONDON, October 9, O. S.

simulatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmjəleɪtɪd/

not genuine or real; being an imitation of the genuine article

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

tellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Receive them with great civility, but with great incredulity too; and pay them with compliments, but not with confidence.

unboundedadjectiveUS /ənˈbaʊndɪd/

seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

unguardedadjectiveUS /ənˈɡɑːrdɪd/

lacking protection or a guard

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Beware, therefore, now that you are coming into the world, of these preferred friendships.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading DEAR BOY: People of your age have, commonly, an unguarded frankness about them; which makes them the easy prey and bubbles of the artful and the experienced; they look upon every knave or fool, who tells them that he is their friend, to be really so; and pay that profession of simulated friendship, with an indiscreet and unbounded confidence, always to their loss, often to their ruin.

Chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 38 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art contain?

Chapter 16 holds 38 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 38 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3351, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 43 minutes of reading across 104 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

October
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Distresses
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Journey
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heidelberg
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1746-47 On the Fine Art; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.