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Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of
Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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CHELTENHAM, July 6, O. S.
1748.
DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.
He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.
As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CHELTENHAM, July 6, O. S.
Line 2
1748.
Line 3
DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.
Line 4
He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.
Line 5
As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.
/æz ˈbiːɪŋ ˈoʊldər hiː ʃʊd noʊ mɔːr ðæn juː ɪn ðæt keɪs teɪk peɪnz tuː ɡet ʌp tuː hɪm bʌt ɪf hiː dʌz nɑːt teɪk ker nɑːt tuː let hɪm fiːl hɪz ˌɪnfɪriˈɔːrɪtiː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bath noun US /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading “DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.”

civil adjective US /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading “He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.”

Earl noun US /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading “DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.”

extremely adverb US /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading “He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.”

Holland noun US /ˈhɑːlənd/

a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level

From this reading “He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.”

inferiority noun US /ˌɪnfɪriˈɔːrɪtiː/

the state of being inferior

From this reading “As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.”

July noun US /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading “CHELTENHAM, July 6, O. S.”

pains noun US /peɪnz/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading “As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1748

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1748.

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CHELTENHAM, July 6, O. S.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

BathnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

BOYnounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

CHELTENHAM

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CHELTENHAM, July 6, O. S.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

HollandnounUS /ˈhɑːlənd/

a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

Hon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

inferioritynounUS /ˌɪnfɪriˈɔːrɪtiː/

the state of being inferior

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading CHELTENHAM, July 6, O. S.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

Leipsig

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading CHELTENHAM, July 6, O. S.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

OnlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

painsnounUS /peɪnz/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

Pulteney

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

RightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading CHELTENHAM, July 6, O. S.

school-fellow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading As being older, he should know more than you; in that case, take pains to get up to him; but if he does not, take care not to let him feel his inferiority.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading He died before his father.]--set out last week for Holland, and will, I believe, be at Leipsig soon after this letter: you will take care to be extremely civil to him, and to do him any service that you can while you stay there; let him know that I wrote to you to do so.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading DEAR BOY: Your school-fellow, Lord Pulteney,--[Only child of the Right Hon. William Pulteney, Earl of Bath.

Chapter 21 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 47 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of contain?

Chapter 21 holds 47 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 47 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of?

Yes. All 1441 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3352, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of take to read?

About 120 minutes of reading across 289 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of section by section

How to work through Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edified
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Allotment
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Leipsig
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.