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Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of
Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
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LONDON, July, 20, O. S.
1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.
The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.
These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.
But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, July, 20, O. S.
Line 2
1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.
Line 3
The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.
/ðə ˈleɪzi maɪnd wɪl nɑːt teɪk ðə ˈtrʌbəl ʌv ˈɡoʊɪŋ tuː ðə ˈbɑːtəm ʌv ˈeniθɪŋ bʌt dɪˈskɜːrədʒd baɪ ðə fɜːrst ˈdɪfəkəltiz ənd ˈevriθɪŋ wɜːrθ ˈnoʊɪŋ ɔːr ˈhævɪŋ ɪz əˈteɪnd wɪð sʌm stɑːps ʃɔːrt ˈkɑːntents ˌɪtˈself wɪð ˈiːzi ənd ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃəl ˈnɑːlədʒ ənd prəˈfɜːrz ə ɡreɪt dɪˈɡriː ʌv ˈɪɡnərəns tuː ə smɔːl dɪˈɡriː ʌv ˈtrʌbəl/
Line 4
These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.
/ðiːz ˈpiːpəl ˈiːðər θɪŋk ɔːr ˌreprɪˈzent moʊst θɪŋz æz ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl weˈræz fjuː θɪŋz ɑːr soʊ tuː ˈɪndəstri ənd ækˈtɪvəti/
Line 5
But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

discouraged adjective US /dɪˈskɜːrədʒd/

made less hopeful or enthusiastic

From this reading “The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.”

frivolous adjective US /ˈfrɪvələs/

not serious in content or attitude or behavior

From this reading “1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.”

hinders verb US /ˈhɪndərz/

third-person singular of “hinder” — be a hindrance or obstacle to

From this reading “1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.”

laziness noun US /ˈleɪzinəs/

inactivity resulting from a dislike of work

From this reading “But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.”

prefers verb US /prəˈfɜːrz/

third-person singular of “prefer” — like better; value more highly

From this reading “The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.”

stops noun US /stɑːps/

a gambling card game in which chips are placed on the ace and king and queen and jack of separate suits (taken from a separate deck)

From this reading “The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.”

superficial adjective US /ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃəl/

concerned with or comprehending only what is apparent or obvious; not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually

From this reading “The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.”

understandings noun US /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋz/

plural of “understanding” — the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading “1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1748

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

20

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, July, 20, O. S.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

attainedadjectiveUS /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

BOYnounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

commonlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

consequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

contentsnounUS /ˈkɑːntents/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

discouragedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskɜːrədʒd/

made less hopeful or enthusiastic

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

excuseverbUS /ɪksˈkjuːs/

accept an excuse for

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

frivolousadjectiveUS /ˈfrɪvələs/

not serious in content or attitude or behavior

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

hindersverbUS /ˈhɪndərz/

third-person singular of “hinder” — be a hindrance or obstacle to

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

ignorancenounUS /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

impossibilities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading LONDON, July, 20, O. S.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

lazinessnounUS /ˈleɪzinəs/

inactivity resulting from a dislike of work

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

lazyadjectiveUS /ˈleɪzi/

moving slowly and gently

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, July, 20, O. S.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading LONDON, July, 20, O. S.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

prefersverbUS /prəˈfɜːrz/

third-person singular of “prefer” — like better; value more highly

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

pretendverbUS /priˈtend/

make believe with the intent to deceive

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

representverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzent/

take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

ridiculousadjectiveUS /rɪˈdɪkjələs/

inspiring scornful pity

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading LONDON, July, 20, O. S.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

stopsnounUS /stɑːps/

a gambling card game in which chips are placed on the ace and king and queen and jack of separate suits (taken from a separate deck)

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

superficialadjectiveUS /ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃəl/

concerned with or comprehending only what is apparent or obvious; not deep or penetrating emotionally or intellectually

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

triflingnounUS /ˈtraɪflɪŋ/

the deliberate act of delaying and playing instead of working

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

understandingsnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋz/

plural of “understanding” — the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading But difficulties seem to them, impossibilities, or at least they pretend to think them so--by way of excuse for their laziness.

whereasconjunctionUS /weˈræz/

in contrast with the fact that

From this reading These people either think, or represent most things as impossible; whereas, few things are so to industry and activity.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading The lazy mind will not take the trouble of going to the bottom of anything; but, discouraged by the first difficulties (and everything worth knowing or having is attained with some), stops short, contents, itself with easy, and consequently superficial knowledge, and prefers a great degree of ignorance to a small degree of trouble.

YourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: There are two sorts of understandings; one of which hinders a man from ever being considerable, and the other commonly makes him ridiculous; I mean the lazy mind, and the trifling, frivolous mind: Yours, I hope, is neither.

Chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 44 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of contain?

Chapter 22 holds 44 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 44 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

January
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Edified
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Allotment
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Leipsig
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