Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of
Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXV · Chapter 25

Chapter 25 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LONDON, August 30, O. S.
1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.
Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.
Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.
Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of

Chapter XXV · Chapter 25

Chapter 25 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LONDON, August 30, O. S.
Line 2
1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.
Line 3
Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.
Line 4
Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.
Line 5
Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.
/kənˈsʌlt ˈdɪfərənt ˈɔːθərz əˈpɑːn ðə seɪm fækts ənd fɔːrm jɔːr əˈpɪnjən əˈpɑːn ðə ˈɡreɪtər ɔːr ˈlesər dɪˈɡriː ʌv ˌprɑːbəˈbɪlətiː ərˈaɪzɪŋ frʌm ðə hoʊl wɪtʃ ɪn maɪ maɪnd ɪz ðə ˈʌtmoʊst stretʃ ʌv hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl feɪθ ˈsɜːrtənti aɪ fɪr nɑːt ˈbiːɪŋ tuː biː faʊnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arising verb US /ərˈaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading “Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.”

chaos noun US /ˈkeɪɑːs/

a state of extreme confusion and disorder

From this reading “Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.”

compose verb US /kəmˈpoʊz/

form the substance of

From this reading “Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.”

exercising noun US /ˈeksərsaɪzɪŋ/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading “Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.”

furnishing noun US /ˈfɜːrnɪʃɪŋ/

(usually plural) accessory wearing apparel

From this reading “Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.”

judgments noun US /ˈdʒʌdʒmənts/

plural of “judgment” — an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading “Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.”

moles noun US /moʊlz/

plural of “mole” — the molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams; the basic unit of amount of substance adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading “Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.”

usefully adverb US /ˈjuːsfəli/

in a useful manner

From this reading “Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1748

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

30

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LONDON, August 30, O. S.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

arisingverbUS /ərˈaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading LONDON, August 30, O. S.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

BOYnounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

certaintynounUS /ˈsɜːrtənti/

the state of being certain

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

chaosnounUS /ˈkeɪɑːs/

a state of extreme confusion and disorder

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

composeverbUS /kəmˈpoʊz/

form the substance of

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

ConsultverbUS /kənˈsʌlt/

get or ask advice from

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

dixere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

exercisingnounUS /ˈeksərsaɪzɪŋ/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

furnishingnounUS /ˈfɜːrnɪʃɪŋ/

(usually plural) accessory wearing apparel

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

GoverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

heapedverbUS /hiːpt/

past form of “heap” — bestow in large quantities

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

indigestaque

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

judgmentsnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənts/

plural of “judgment” — an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

justlyadverbUS /ˈdʒʌstli/

with honesty

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

justnessnoun

conformity with some esthetic standard of correctness or propriety

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

lesseradjectiveUS /ˈlesər/

of less size or importance

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

loadnounUS /loʊd/

weight to be borne or conveyed

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading LONDON, August 30, O. S.

lumber-rooms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

memoriesnounUS /ˈmɛm.ə.riz/

Recollections of past events.

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

molesnounUS /moʊlz/

plural of “mole” — the molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams; the basic unit of amount of substance adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

Munster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading LONDON, August 30, O. S.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

probabilitynounUS /ˌprɑːbəˈbɪlətiː/

a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

Quem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

reflectverbUS /rɪˈflekt/

manifest or bring back

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

reflectionsnounUS /rɪˈflekʃənz/

plural of “reflection” — a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

Rudis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading LONDON, August 30, O. S.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

stretchverbUS /stretʃ/

occupy a large, elongated area

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

treatynounUS /ˈtriːti/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

usefullyadverbUS /ˈjuːsfəli/

in a useful manner

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

weighverbUS /weɪ/

have a certain weight

From this reading Go on, then, in the way of reading that you are in; take nothing for granted, upon the bare authority of the author; but weigh and consider, in your own mind, the probability of the facts and the justness of the reflections.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Consult different authors upon the same facts, and form your opinion upon the greater or lesser degree of probability arising from the whole, which, in my mind, is the utmost stretch of historical faith; certainty (I fear) not being to be found.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Many great readers load their memories, without exercising their judgments; and make lumber-rooms of their heads instead of furnishing them usefully; facts are heaped upon facts without order or distinction, and may justly be said to compose that '-----Rudis indigestaque moles Quem dixere chaos'.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading 1748 DEAR BOY: Your reflections upon the conduct of France, from the treaty of Munster to this time, are very just; and I am very glad to find, by them, that you not only read, but that you think and reflect upon what you read.

Chapter 25 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield holds 36 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 25 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of contain?

Chapter 25 holds 36 sentences of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 25 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 36 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 25 of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 25 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 25 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of

Common questions about reading Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of?

Yes. All 1441 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3352, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of take to read?

About 120 minutes of reading across 289 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of section by section

How to work through Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of

Words and structures a reader meets early in Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edified
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Allotment
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Leipsig
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Letters to His Son, 1748 On the Fine Art of; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.